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This book provides a multi-disciplinary investigation of family reunification laws, policies and practices across the European Union. It is aimed at researchers working on the topic of family reunification, as well as students of law and socio-legal studies and practitioners in the field of migration.

Emigration and immigration law

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"Despite being long-term hosts to refugee populations, Indonesia, Thailand and Malaysia are not yet part of the 1951 Refugee Convention. In all three states, refugees are regulated as discretionary humanitarian exceptions to immigration legislation. With contributions from scholars within and outside the region, this book promotes new thinking on protection of refugees and on resolving tensions between states, actors and institutions in the region. It evaluates the key concepts of sovereignty, security and humanitarianism in this context, the different bases of protection by state and non-state actors and the meaning of responsibility and regionalism in Southeast Asia"--

Refugees --- Emigration and immigration law

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This book analyses the impact of the increasing securitization of migration within the international legal and political order.

Border security --- Emigration and immigration. --- Emigration and immigration law. --- National security --- Law and legislation.

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"This book provides a multi-disciplinary investigation of family reunification laws, policies and practices across the European Union. Family reunification - the possibility for family members to (re)unite in a country where one of them is residing - has been high on the political agenda. Building on original empirical research with families and practitioners as well as in-depth doctrinal analyses, the book explores the fragmentation of legal rules, the gaps between formal regulations and practices, and their consequences for families across borders. Different contributions in the volume point to the growing inequalities among and within applicant families, based on residence status, gender, location, citizenship and socio-economic resources, due to the family reunification regimes currently in place. The book enhances interdisciplinary dialogue by providing clear insights into the specific contribution of migration law, private international law and social scientific analyses to the study of family reunification. The book is aimed at researchers working on the topic of family reunification, as well as students of law and socio-legal studies and practitioners in the field of migration"--

Family reunification --- Emigration and immigration law --- Noncitizens --- Law and legislation --- Family relationships

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"The European Union, commonly described as the largest and most successful voluntary integration project in the contemporary history of mankind, is experiencing challenging times. The past two decades have witnessed two contradictory developments taking place across the continent. On the one hand, the transformation of the EU from an economic to a political community. On the other, the rise of nationalist and eurosceptic sentiments in several Member States. In the area of the free movement of persons, the former process has most clearly manifested itself in three interrelated ways. First, the extension of the personal scope of Treaty rights to non-economic actors. Second, the introduction of EU citizenship. And third, the creation of a general right to permanent residence for EU citizens and their family members. Moreover, during this period, the Union underwent the most significant expansion in its history. Over the nine years from 2004 to 2013, it was acceded by 13 new, predominantly Central and Eastern European Member States. This led to a significant increase in intra-European mobility. Within a decade following the 2004 enlargement, five million EU-12 nationals relocated to EU-15 Member States, with the UK becoming their principal destination - not least because it immediately opened its labour market to workers from countries that joined the Union in 2004. Over this period, the number of EU-12 nationals residing in the UK increased more than tenfold, from 113,200 in 2004 to 1.5 million in 2014. Although the rise in free movement provided a significant contribution to EU-15 economies, the public and political debate in some Western European Member States soon began to increasingly focus on the perceived negative effects. In several receiving states, the significant numbers of EU-12 arrivals within a short period triggered the fear of losing control, particularly in light of the recession that hit the global economy in 2008 and 2009. Certain groups of mobile EU citizens were now regarded as a threat to the security and economic prosperity of the host Member States. This provided a platform for populist and racialised discourses about poor or otherwise undesirable Eastern Europeans who 'take jobs' from locals and are involved in the so-called welfare/benefits tourism or in criminality. Frequently employed in the nationalist and anti-immigrant rhetoric of the Conservative party and further reinforced by local media outlets, such narratives gained particular prominence in the UK, whose electorate has long been amongst the most eurosceptic in the EU. Over the years preceding Brexit, the UK authorities consistently raised concerns about the perceived abuse of free movement. They made regular attempts to persuade EU institutions and other Member States to massively restrict Treaty rights, ultimately threatening to leave the EU altogether. Although the Union finally succumbed to the British demands, this did not affect the outcome of the 2016 Brexit referendum where the majority cast their vote in favour of leaving the EU. Following a lengthy negotiation process, the UK officially ceased to be a member of the Union on 31 January 2020, effectively becoming the first country in the Union's nearly 70-year history to exit from the bloc. Along with the narratives of 'poverty migration' and criminality which contributed to the negative perception of free movement among British voters, a further major point of contention between the EU and the UK related to the generous family reunion rights enjoyed by mobile EU citizens under EU law. Since the inception of the EU, the possibility for mobile EU citizens to live in the host Member State with their third-country national (TCN) family members has been considered an essential precondition for intra-European mobility. Yet, over the past two decades, the EU approach started to come into considerable tension with domestic family reunification policies in (predominantly Western European) Member States. Aiming to reduce the number of family migrants who could not be selected based on the same criteria as the foreign labour force, a number of governments made family reunification of their own nationals subject to the fulfilment of conditions which are most commonly associated with economic migration, such as high income thresholds, integration conditions, and language tests. By contrast, applying additional requirements to family members of mobile EU citizens is precluded under Directive 2004/38/EC (further referred to as the 'Citizenship Directive'). This directive is the principal instrument codifying EU law on the freedom of movement of Union citizens and their family members, which lies at the heart of the present study"--

Family reunification --- Emigration and immigration law --- Freedom of movement --- Law and legislation