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This paper presents the last six borrowing agreements that were concluded between October 2023 and February 2024 to provide new loan resources to the Poverty Reduction and Growth Trust (PRGT) as part of the loan mobilization round launched in July 2021 to support low-income countries (LICs) during the pandemic and beyond. Five of the six agreements use SDRs in the context of SDR channeling. Together these borrowing agreements provide a total amount of SDR 3.9 billion in new PRGT loan resources. The 2021 loan fundraising campaign was concluded successfully. It mobilized total contributions of SDR 14.65 billion from 17 PRGT lenders, well exceeding the SDR 12.6 billion loan target.

Banks and Banking --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Economics --- Finance --- Financial institutions --- Financial services --- Government Policy --- Industries: Financial Services --- Interest rates --- Interest Rates: Determination, Term Structure, and Effects --- Loans --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Monetary economics --- Monetary Policy --- Monetary policy --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Mortgages --- Political Economy --- Political economy --- Poverty reduction and development --- Poverty --- Provision and Effects of Welfare Program --- Sdr interest rate --- Social Services and Welfare --- Social welfare & social services

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During the COVID-19 pandemic, the Bulgarian authorities increased pensions substantially to support pensioners’ living standards and aggregate demand. These increases have become permanent and improved the adequacy of pensions. However, not matched by revenue measures, they have widened the deficit of the pension system. Reforms that increase the incentives to contribute to the pension system and thus revenue would improve the financial sustainability of the pension system and reduce fiscal risks.

Aging --- Demography --- Economics of the Elderly --- Economics of the Handicapped --- Expenditure --- Government Policy --- Income tax --- Labor --- National Government Expenditures and Welfare Programs --- Non-labor Market Discrimination --- Nonwage Labor Costs and Benefits --- Pension spending --- Pension system sustainability --- Pensions --- Personal Finance -Taxation --- Personal Income and Other Nonbusiness Taxes and Subsidies --- Population & demography --- Population aging --- Population and demographics --- Private Pensions --- Provision and Effects of Welfare Program --- Public finance & taxation --- Public Finance --- Social Security and Public Pensions --- Tax allowances --- Taxes --- Bulgaria

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Social protection programs are crucial for stabilizing household income, especially during crises. Brazil's response to the pandemic, the Auxilio Emergencial (AE) program, demonstrated the value of a resilient social safety net and digital tools. This study assesses AE's effectiveness in income stabilization, poverty reduction, and inequality. Results show that the pre-pandemic social protection system would have only buffered about a quarter of income loss, with unemployment insurance more significant for higher-income households, and social safety net transfers crucial for lower-income households, especially those in informal employment. AE successfully supported lower-income households during the pandemic, but its generosity went beyond the stabilization of income, resulting in large fiscal costs.

Aggregate Factor Income Distribution --- Communicable diseases --- Covid-19 --- Currency crises --- Debt Management --- Debt --- Demand and Supply of Labor: General --- Diseases: Contagious --- Economic & financial crises & disasters --- Economics of specific sectors --- Economics --- Economics: General --- Expenditure --- Expenditures, Public --- Government Policy --- Health Behavior --- Health --- Income economics --- Income --- Infectious & contagious diseases --- Informal sector --- Labor market --- Labor markets --- Labor --- Labour --- Macroeconomics --- Measurement and Analysis of Poverty --- National accounts --- National Government Expenditures and Welfare Programs --- Provision and Effects of Welfare Program --- Public finance & taxation --- Public Finance --- Social assistance spending --- Social protection spending --- Sovereign Debt

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Le Mémento des marchés publics et des PPP présente de manière claire et structurée la méthode des pouvoirs publics pour effectuer des travaux, acheter des biens et des services ou réaliser des opérations analogues. Il expose aussi les principales techniques de Partenariat Public-Privé, phénomène d’intérêt croissant. L’auteur expose logiquement le déroulement d’une opération, de sa conception à sa réalisation effective. Dans cette perspective, il se fonde sur un examen minutieux de la législation, de la doctrine et de la jurisprudence belge et européenne, et ne manque pas de référer fréquemment aux expériences étrangères. L'ouvrage intègre également les textes légaux fondamentaux actualisés et dans leur version intégrale.

Juridische aspecten : Overheidsopdrachten --- Aspects juridiques : Marchés publics --- Government purchasing --- Public-private sector cooperation --- Marchés publics --- Partenariat public-privé --- Law and legislation --- Droit --- Belgique --- Marchés publics (Administration publique) --- Droit administratif. --- Marchés publics. --- Belgique. --- Marchés publics Overheidsopdrachten --- législation --- overheidsopdrachten --- participation politique --- politiskā līdzdalība --- политичко учешће --- partycypacja polityczna --- përfshirje politike --- poliittinen osallistuminen --- politikai részvétel --- politično udejstvovanje --- participación política --- participare politică --- politiskt deltagande --- politická účasť --- političko sudjelovanje --- partecipazione politica --- politinis aktyvumas --- politieke participatie --- poliitiline osalemine --- политическо участие --- political involvement --- politische Mitbestimmung --- πολιτική συμμετοχή --- politická účast --- involviment politiku --- participação política --- учество во политичкиот живот --- rannpháirtíocht pholaitiúil --- deltagelse i det politiske liv --- политички ангажман --- politisk engagement --- politički angažman --- вклученост во политичкиот живот --- sudjelovanje u političkom životu --- politikai életben való közreműködés --- συμμετοχή στα κοινά --- σύναψη δημόσιων συμβάσεων --- verejné obstarávanie --- viešieji pirkimai --- zadávání veřejných zakázek --- avalik hange --- javno naročanje --- akkwist pubbliku --- közbeszerzés --- Vergabe öffentlicher Aufträge --- marché public --- contratação pública --- soláthar poiblí --- offentlig upphandling --- contratación pública --- appalto pubblico --- public procurement --- achiziții publice --- обществени поръчки --- Јавни набавки --- javna nabava --- udzielanie zamówień publicznych --- publiskais iepirkums --- offentligt udbud --- julkinen hankinta --- javna naročila --- offentlige indkøb --- legislação --- Gesetzgebung --- legislation --- legislación --- legjislacion --- seadusandlus --- teisėkūra --- legislazione --- νομοθεσία --- законодавство --- lainsäädäntö --- lovgivning --- leġiżlazzjoni --- законодателство --- törvényalkotás --- ustawodawstwo --- lagstiftning --- zakonodavstvo --- legislație --- legislativa --- legislatíva --- wetgeving --- zakonodaja --- likumdošana --- reachtaíocht --- koncepcija --- právní normy --- aspetto giuridico --- законска одредба --- rättslig aspekt --- zakonodavni akt --- disposição legislativa --- dimensión jurídica --- legislative provision --- правна норма --- νομοθετική πράξη --- právní předpisy --- juridische aspecten --- lovbestemmelse --- programa --- teisės nuostata --- disposition législative --- dispozitë legjislative --- juridisk aspekt --- õiguslik aspekt --- likumi --- disposizione legislativa --- disposizione di legge --- legislatívny akt --- õigustloov akt --- atto legislativo --- legislatívne ustanovenie --- õigusakt --- aspeto jurídico --- rättsregler --- tiesību normas --- zakonska odredba --- правни прашања --- disposición legislativa --- legislative act --- seadusandlik akt --- νομική πλευρά --- wetgevende handeling --- juridisk dimension --- Gesetzesbestimmung --- Gesetzesvorschrift --- vertiente jurídica --- törvény rendelkezése --- teisės aktų leidimas --- säädös --- punto de vista jurídico --- teisinis aspektas --- zákonodárství --- lagbestämmelse --- tiesību aspekts --- jogalkotási aktus --- νομοθετική διάταξη --- rechtlicher Aspekt --- Gesetzgebungsakt --- teisės aktas --- törvényi rendelkezés --- akt legjislativ --- jogszabály --- säännös --- легислатива --- act legislativ --- wettelijke bepaling --- oikeudellinen näkökohta --- likumdošanas akti --- gesetzliche Vorschrift --- prevederi legislative --- правен акт --- ato legislativo --- jogszabályi rendelkezés --- lagstiftningshandling --- törvényhozás --- acte législatif --- tiesību akti --- gesetzliche Bestimmung --- Belgium --- Bélgica --- Belgija --- Belgien --- Belgie --- Belgicko --- België --- Beļģija --- Белгија --- Belgio --- Белгия --- Belgia --- il-Belġju --- An Bheilg --- Βέλγιο --- Belgjika --- Belgia Kuningriik --- Beļģijas Karaliste --- Royaume de Belgique --- Belgian kuningaskunta --- Belgické kráľovstvo --- Koninkrijk België --- Belgijos Karalystė --- das Königreich Belgien --- Βασίλειο του Βελγίου --- Kingdom of Belgium --- Кралство Белгија --- Краљевина Белгија --- Belgické království --- Reino de Bélgica --- ir-Renju tal-Belġju --- Regatul Belgiei --- Kongeriget Belgien --- Кралство Белгия --- Mbretëria e Belgjikës --- Belga Királyság --- Królestwo Belgii --- Konungariket Belgien --- Reino da Bélgica --- Kraljevina Belgija --- Regno del Belgio --- Administrative law --- PPS (publiek-private samenwerking) --- Marchés publics. --- Droit administratif --- Marchés publics