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An emerging field in statistics, distributional regression facilitates the modelling of the complete conditional distribution, rather than just the mean. This book introduces generalized additive models for location, scale and shape (GAMLSS) - one of the most important classes of distributional regression. Taking a broad perspective, the authors consider penalized likelihood inference, Bayesian inference, and boosting as potential ways of estimating models and illustrate their usage in complex applications. Written by the international team who developed GAMLSS, the text's focus on practical questions and problems sets it apart. Case studies demonstrate how researchers in statistics and other data-rich disciplines can use the model in their work, exploring examples ranging from fetal ultrasounds to social media performance metrics. The R code and data sets for the case studies are available on the book's companion website, allowing for replication and further study.

Regression analysis --- Mathematical models. --- Theory of distributions (Functional analysis)

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This paper analyzes the distributional impacts of inflation in Thailand. For that aim, the paper uses rich micro-survey data on 46,000 Thai households to study the effect of the recent elevated inflation on poverty, its distributional effects on different income levels, and the fiscal cost to compensate households from real income losses. To study the multidimensional impact of inflation, the paper also studies how inflation differentially affects households through the consumption, income, and wealth channel. The analysis shows that under a baseline scenario, poverty in Thailand could increase by 1.3 percentage points—about 900,000 people—in the absence of government intervention. Targeted fiscal support to only compensate households that are below the national poverty line from rising inflation amount to 0.05 percent of GDP. However, fiscal support to compensate relatively rich households, defined as those above the median of the income distribution, amount to 1.4 percent of GDP. Moreover, due to high levels of debt, richer households benefit from inflation relative to poorer households. Finally, the paper also delves into policy responses undertaken by the Thai government and Asian and emerging economies to mitigate elevated inflation.

Aggregate Factor Income Distribution --- Agriculture: Aggregate Supply and Demand Analysis --- Consumer Economics: Empirical Analysis --- Consumption --- Currency crises --- Deflation --- Economic & financial crises & disasters --- Economics of specific sectors --- Economics --- Economics: General --- Economywide Country Studies: Asia including Middle East --- Energy prices --- Energy: Demand and Supply --- Food prices --- Income --- Inflation --- Informal sector --- Macroeconomics --- Macroeconomics: Consumption --- Measurement and Analysis of Poverty --- National accounts --- Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions --- Price Level --- Prices --- Saving --- Wealth

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We present the current status of labor market gender gaps in The Gambia and examine the macroeconomic and distributional gains from closing the gaps. We also study the impacts of high costs of living and the determinants of poverty. Closing labor market gender gaps, would significantly boost GDP, government revenues, women’s earnings, and reduce income inequality. High food costs adversely affect the levels of consumption in the bottom four quartiles of the income distribution. Lack of access to finance, living in rural areas, lack of employment, low levels of education, and exposure to climate shocks contribute to higher poverty levels.

Agriculture: Aggregate Supply and Demand Analysis --- Consumer Economics: Empirical Analysis --- Consumption --- Deflation --- Economics of Gender --- Economics --- Education --- Education: General --- Gender diversity --- Gender inequality --- Gender Studies --- Gender studies --- Gender studies, gender groups --- Gender --- Inflation --- International agencies --- International Agreements and Observance --- International Economics --- International institutions --- International organization --- International Organizations --- Macroeconomics --- Macroeconomics: Consumption --- Measurement and Analysis of Poverty --- Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development --- Monetary economics --- Monetary Policy --- Monetary policy --- Money and Monetary Policy --- National accounts --- Non-labor Discrimination --- Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions --- Poverty and Homelessness --- Price Level --- Prices --- Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles: General (includes Measurement and Data) --- Saving --- Sex discrimination --- Sex role --- Social discrimination & equal treatment --- Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue: General --- Wealth --- Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty: General --- Women & girls --- Women --- Women's Studies --- Gambia, The