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The benefits of gender diversity are well known – it increases effectiveness and efficiency and strengthens decision-making. Yet, the IMF Executive Board continues to fall short of reaching gender balance, with women constituting a small minority of the Executive Directors and Alternate Executive Directors. There is a clear need for change. The IMFC has called on the membership to take action, including by introducing voluntary medium-term objectives to raise the number of women holding leadership positions at the Board. This report summarizes the Executive Board’s recommendations for these targets and lays out proposals for concerted actions that can be taken by individual countries and constituencies.

Economics of Gender --- Economics --- Gender diversity --- Gender Studies --- Gender studies --- Gender studies, gender groups --- Gender --- Monetary economics --- Monetary Policy --- Monetary policy --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Non-labor Discrimination --- Political Economy --- Political economy --- Sex role --- Women & girls --- Women --- Women's Studies

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This interim note provides general guidance on the operationalization of the IMF’s Strategy Toward Mainstreaming Gender. It offers a comprehensive overview of how IMF staff can integrate macrocritical gender issues into the IMF’s core areas of surveillance, lending, and capacity development. Key topics include i) identifying and assessing macrocritical gender gaps; ii) the “light touch” and “deep dive” approaches; iii) early insights on integrating gender into IMF-supported programs; iv) capacity development on gender or with a gender lens; v) synergies with other workstreams and vi) the importance of collaboration. It also includes summaries and links to relevant tools, databases, IMF staff reports, and relevant literature.

Aggregate Factor Income Distribution --- Economics of Gender --- Economics --- Finance --- Finance: General --- Financial inclusion --- Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy --- Financial markets --- Financial services industry --- Gender diversity --- Gender inequality --- Gender Studies --- Gender studies --- Gender studies, gender groups --- Gender --- Income distribution --- Income inequality --- Macroeconomics --- Monetary economics --- Monetary Policy --- Monetary policy --- Money and Monetary Policy --- National accounts --- Non-labor Discrimination --- Political Economy --- Political economy --- Sex discrimination --- Sex role --- Social discrimination & equal treatment --- Women & girls --- Women --- Women's Studies

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Two broad contrasting demographic trends present challenges for economies globally: countries with aging populations, often advanced economies and increasingly emerging markets, anticipate a significant shrinking of the labor force, with implications for growth, economic stability, and public finances. Economies with rapidly growing populations, as is the case in many low-income and developing countries, will face a burgeoning young population entering the labor market in the next decades—a large potential to reap the demographic dividend if the right skills and economic and social conditions are in place. This note highlights how gender equality, in both cases, can serve as a stabilizing factor to rebalance demographic trends. As decisions regarding fertility, human capital investment, and labor force participation are interlinked, policies should aim at relaxing households’ time and resource constraints that condition these choices. This means that, in general, in advanced economies and emerging markets, policies should facilitate women’s work–life choices and boost female participation in the labor market, whereas policies in low-income and developing countries should focus on reforms that narrow gender gaps in opportunities and support human capital accumulation.

Currency crises --- Demographic Economics: General --- Demography --- Economic sectors --- Economics of Gender --- Economics of specific sectors --- Economics --- Education and Inequality --- Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement --- Fiscal Policy --- Gender diversity --- Gender inequality --- Gender Studies --- Gender studies --- Gender studies, gender groups --- Gender --- Health and Inequality --- Income economics --- Informal sector --- Labor force participation --- Labor market --- Labor Standards: Labor Force Composition --- Labor --- Labour --- Non-labor Discrimination --- Population & demography --- Population and demographics --- Population --- Sex discrimination --- Sex role --- Social discrimination & equal treatment --- Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue --- Women & girls --- Women --- Women's Studies

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We present the current status of labor market gender gaps in The Gambia and examine the macroeconomic and distributional gains from closing the gaps. We also study the impacts of high costs of living and the determinants of poverty. Closing labor market gender gaps, would significantly boost GDP, government revenues, women’s earnings, and reduce income inequality. High food costs adversely affect the levels of consumption in the bottom four quartiles of the income distribution. Lack of access to finance, living in rural areas, lack of employment, low levels of education, and exposure to climate shocks contribute to higher poverty levels.

Agriculture: Aggregate Supply and Demand Analysis --- Consumer Economics: Empirical Analysis --- Consumption --- Deflation --- Economics of Gender --- Economics --- Education --- Education: General --- Gender diversity --- Gender inequality --- Gender Studies --- Gender studies --- Gender studies, gender groups --- Gender --- Inflation --- International agencies --- International Agreements and Observance --- International Economics --- International institutions --- International organization --- International Organizations --- Macroeconomics --- Macroeconomics: Consumption --- Measurement and Analysis of Poverty --- Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development --- Monetary economics --- Monetary Policy --- Monetary policy --- Money and Monetary Policy --- National accounts --- Non-labor Discrimination --- Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions --- Poverty and Homelessness --- Price Level --- Prices --- Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles: General (includes Measurement and Data) --- Saving --- Sex discrimination --- Sex role --- Social discrimination & equal treatment --- Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue: General --- Wealth --- Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty: General --- Women & girls --- Women --- Women's Studies --- Gambia, The