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The Brazilian Northeast, comprising 1,600,000 km2 and nine States (Alagoas, Bahia, Ceará, Maranhão, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Piauí, Rio Grande do Norte, Sergipe), has an enormous diversity of geomorphological landscapes. Despite the wealth of relief, the available studies do not present, in detail, the regional geomorphological elements. However, it is necessary to allow the advancement of geographic science and related areas, create appropriate processes for the use and occupation of geographic space, guide land-use planning and environmental planning, and encourage conservationist practices. The chapters, written by the best geomorphological specialists in each segment, present unique, rich, and unpublished material that treats the reality of the geomorphological landscape in the Brazilian Northeast. It starts with a theoretical discussion on advances in the analysis of geomorphology by State, showing an unprecedented and functional geographic division.

Geomorphology.

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Geomorphology --- Landforms

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This book presents varied geomorphological topics and planetary studies from different geomorphological regions analysed by young researchers from Latin America, from Costa Rica to southern Argentina, from the mountains to the oceans, and from the Caribbean to the Scotia tectonic plates. The six chapters included in this book originate from presentations made during the “IAG Central and South American Webinar” carried on in March 2021 for the commemoration of the “Geomorphology Week”, promoted by the International Association of Geomorphologists (IAG) and coordinated by the invited book editors. The chapters develop topics related to landforms and geomorphological processes originated by modern tectonics along a transform tectonic plate boundary, by cryo-snowy environments in the drier Central Andes, by fluvial and littoral processes in the Brazilian inland and the Atlantic coast, and by high runoff generated by storm-cells driving into mountainous and wooded terrains. New insights on Mars water features research are also included in the book. Several chapters refer to risk assessment for society or resource management considerations; other chapters refer to present or recent geomorphological processes but others do so to those developed in the Quaternary. .

Geomorphology. --- Landforms. --- Geology.

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The book deals with some issues of paleo-geodynamics of the Eurasian floor of the Arctic Ocean. A comprehensive geological and geophysical analysis of information on the anomalous magnetic field in the Eurasian Basin was carried out using modeling of the inversion magnetically active layer of the oceanic crust. As a result of this analysis, the identification and spatial position of linear paleo-magnetic anomalies were refined, which made it possible to significantly update the geochronology of the bottom of the Eurasian Basin and identify a number of stages in its evolution. On this basis, the features and stages of the kinematics of the development of the bottom of the Eurasian Basin in the past were revealed. At the first Cretaceous–Paleogene stage, prior to the formation of the A26 paleo-anomaly on the Eurasian margin, extension processes developed significantly and turned into rifting. In the process of rifting, weakened zones and related fractures were formed, along which the Siberian continental margin began to be torn off about 60 Ma ago with the formation of the Lomonosov Ridge. At the second stage of evolution, rifting turned into spreading, and the growth rate of the new oceanic crust in the A26–A24 paleo-anomaly interval (59–53 Ma ago) was more than 2.5 cm/yr. At the same time, the northern flank of the Mid-Arctic Ridge grew more intensively than the southern one. The third stage was characterized by a further progressive slowdown in the process of bottom spreading, the minimum of which, with spreading rates of about 1 cm/year, fell on the formation of paleo-anomalies A13-A6 (30-20 million years ago). The fourth stage of growth of the new oceanic crust began later than the time of the A6 paleo-anomaly and is characterized by some intensification of growth at rates up to 1.2 cm/yr. The average rate of bottom growth over an interval of almost 60 Ma turned out to be close to 1.3 cm/yr, which makes it possible to classify the Mid-Arctic Ridge as a slow-growing one. On this basis, kinematic models of the development of bottom configurations were developed with the determination of the Euler poles, rotation angles, asymmetries, axes of spallation and paleo-bathymetry for the Eurasian Basin, the Polar part of the Lomonosov Ridge, the splitting of the Arlis Spura from the Lomonosov Ridge, the development of the Gakkel Ridge and the development of the Greenland region of the bottom.

Oceanography. --- Geophysics. --- Geomorphology. --- Geodynamics. --- Geology. --- Ocean Sciences.

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The book presents the first comprehensive description of parts of the Mid-Atlantic ridge subject to a contract for polymetallic sulphide exploration between the International Seabed Authority and the Ministry of Environment of the Republic of Poland. The state-of-the-art of the study area presented here takes into account a variety of aspects, including hydrological and meteorological conditions, hydrography, optical properties of water, seafloor morphology, geology, sediments and sedimentation processes, pelagic environment and its biocoenosis, benthic organisms, seabed communities, deep-sea environmental protection, as well as many other. Also, the research methods and tools are enumerated, and the studies advised for the future are outlined. The Atlantic seabed area described in this monograph is situated near the central part of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR), one of the major geological formations on Earth, featuring - like other mid-oceanic ridges - active and inactive hydrothermal vent fields with their unusual and unique ecosystems. The commercial interest in MAR exploration is due to the deposits of massive polymetallic sulphides, formed as a result of hydrothermal fluid precipitation.

Earth sciences. --- Oceanography. --- Geomorphology. --- Geology. --- Earth Sciences. --- Ocean Sciences.