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This volume explores the reception of biblical figures in Judaism, Christianity and Islam, with a particular focus on Antiquity and incursions in the Middle Ages and modernity. The contributions included here offer a glimpse of the complexity of the mechanics of transmission to which these figures were subjected in extra-biblical texts, either concentrating on one author or corpus in particular, or broadening the scope across time and cultural contexts. The volume intends to shed light on how these biblical figures and their legacies appear as channels of collective memory and identity; how they became tools for authors to achieve specific goals; how they gained new and powerful authority for communities; and how they transcend traditions and cultural boundaries. As a result, the vitality and fluidity of the developments of traditions become clear and prompt caution when using modern categories.
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Simon Claude Mimouni a été titulaire de la direction d’études « Origines du christianisme » à la Section des Sciences religieuses de l’École pratique des hautes études entre 1995 et 2017. Il est l’auteur d’une œuvre académique considérable, qui a renouvelé en profondeur la manière dont les historiens conçoivent habituellement le judaïsme et le christianisme anciens. Ses travaux insistent notamment sur deux composantes souvent négligées voire ignorées du judaïsme antique : le judaïsme chrétien, et le judaïsme sacerdotal et synagogal. Ce volume lui rend hommage. Il réunit quarante contributions groupées selon trois perspectives : « phénoménologies du judaïsme et du christianisme », « histoire et catégorisation sociales », « rhétorique de l’histoire et administration de la preuve ». Ces contributions, qui relèvent de domaines et de thématiques variées, témoignent de la fécondité des voies ouvertes par Simon Claude Mimouni dans la recherche sur les « religions » du monde tardo-antique.
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Divine Names are a key component in the communication between humans and gods in Antiquity. Their complexity derives not only from the impressive number of onomastic elements available to describe and target specific divine powers, but also from their capacity to be combined within distinctive configurations of gods. The volume collects 36 essays pertaining to many different contexts - Egypt, Anatolia, Levant, Mesopotamia, Greece, Rome - which address the multiple functions and wide scope of divine onomastics. Scrutinized in a diachronic and comparative perspective, divine names shed light on how polytheisms and monotheisms work as complex systems of divine and human agents embedded in an historical framework. Names imply knowledge and play a decisive role in rituals; they move between cities and regions, and can be translated; they interact with images and reflect the intrinsic plurality of divine beings. This vivid exploration of divine names pays attention to the balance between tradition and innovation, flexibility and constraints, to the material and conceptual parameters of onomastic practices, to cross-cultural contexts and local idiosyncrasies, in a word to human strategies for shaping the gods through their names.
HISTORY / Medieval. --- Religions. --- monotheisms. --- onomastics. --- polytheisms.
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