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Hate speech has been extensively studied by disciplines such as social psychology, sociology, history, politics and law. Some significant areas of study have been the origins of hate speech in past and modern societies around the world; the way hate speech paves the way for harmful social movements; the socially destructive force of propaganda; and the legal responses to hate speech. On reviewing the literature, one major weakness stands out: hate speech, a crime perpetrated primarily by malicious and damaging language use, has no significant study in the field of linguistics. Historically, pragmatic theories have tended to address language as cooperative action, geared to reciprocally informative polite understanding. As a result of this idealized view of language, negative types of discourse such as harassment, defamation, hate speech, etc. have been neglected as objects of linguistic study. Since they go against social, moral and legal norms, many linguists have wrongly depicted those acts of wrong communication as unusual, anomalous or deviant when they are, in fact, usual and common in modern societies all over the world.The book analyses the challenges legal practitioners and linguists must meet when dealing with hate speech, especially with the advent of new technologies and social networks, and takes a linguistic perspective by targeting the knowledge the linguist can provide that makes harassment actionable.

Hate speech. --- Oral communication --- Speech acts (Linguistics). --- Social aspects. --- Applied Linguistics. --- Forensic Linguistics. --- Hate Speech. --- Illocutionary acts (Linguistics) --- Speech act theory (Linguistics) --- Speech events (Linguistics) --- Language and languages --- Linguistics --- Speech --- Oral transmission --- Speech communication --- Verbal communication --- Communication --- Defamation against groups --- Group defamation --- Group libel --- Racist speech --- Speech, Hate --- Libel and slander --- Philosophy

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This study explores why the spoken word assumed such importance in the culture of early New England. To aid her study, the author re-examines such famous Puritan events as the Salem witch trials and the banishment of Anne Hutchinson.

English language --- Puritans --- Language and culture --- Oral communication --- Americanisms --- Precisians --- Church polity --- Congregationalism --- Puritan movements --- Calvinism --- Germanic languages --- Oral transmission --- Speech communication --- Verbal communication --- Communication --- Culture and language --- Culture --- Political aspects --- Religious aspects --- Christianity. --- Spoken English --- Dialects --- Language. --- Provincialisms --- New England --- History --- Colonial period, ca. 1600-1775 --- English language - Political aspects - New England. --- New England - History - Colonial period, ca. 1600-1775. --- Languages. --- Northeastern States --- Women --- History.