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The 'Tetrarchy', the modern name assigned to the period of Roman history that started with the emperor Diocletian and ended with Constantine I, has been a much-studied and much-debated field of the Roman Empire. Debate, however, has focused primarily on whether it was a true 'system' of government, or rather a collection of ad-hoc measures undertaken to stabilise the empire after the troubled period of the 3rd century CE. The papers collected here aim to go beyond this question and to present an innovative approach to a fascinating period of Roman history by understanding the Tetrarchy not as a system of government, but primarily as a political language. Their focus thus lies on the language and ideology of the imperial college and court, on the performance of power in imperial ceremonies, the representation of the emperors and their enemies in the provinces of the Roman world, as well as on the afterlife of Tetrarchic power in the Constantinian period.--publisher's website.

Constantine --- Diocletian, --- Rome --- Politics and government --- E-books --- 284-476

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"How the medieval church drove state formation in EuropeSacred Foundations argues that the medieval church was a fundamental force in European state formation. Existing accounts focus on early modern warfare or contracts between the rulers and the ruled. In contrast, this major study shows that the Catholic Church both competed with medieval monarchs and provided critical templates for governing institutions, the rule of law, and parliaments.The Catholic Church was the most powerful, wealthiest, and best-organized political actor in the Middle Ages. Starting in the eleventh century, the papacy fought for the autonomy of the church, challenging European rulers and then claiming authority over people, territory, and monarchs alike. Anna Grzymała-Busse demonstrates how the church shaped distinct aspects of the European state. Conflicts with the papacy fragmented territorial authority in Europe for centuries to come, propagating urban autonomy and ideas of sovereignty. Thanks to its organizational advantages and human capital, the church also developed the institutional precedents adopted by rulers across Europe-from chanceries and taxation to courts and councils. Church innovations made possible both the rule of law and parliamentary representation.Bringing to light a wealth of historical evidence about papal conflict, excommunications, and ecclesiastical institutions, Sacred Foundations reveals how the challenge and example of powerful religious authorities gave rise to secular state institutions and galvanized state capacity"-- "Sacred Foundations argues that the medieval church was a fundamental force in European state formation. Existing accounts focus on early modern warfare or contracts between the rulers and the ruled. In contrast, this major study shows that the Catholic Church both competed with medieval monarchs and provided critical templates for governing institutions, the rule of law, and parliaments. The Catholic Church was the most powerful, wealthiest, and best-organized political actor in the Middle Ages. Starting in the eleventh century, the papacy fought for the autonomy of the church, challenging European rulers and then claiming authority over people, territory, and monarchs alike. Anna Grzymała-Busse demonstrates how the church shaped distinct aspects of the European state. Conflicts with the papacy fragmented territorial authority in Europe for centuries to come, propagating urban autonomy and ideas of sovereignty. Thanks to its organizational advantages and human capital, the church also developed the institutional precedents adopted by rulers across Europe-from chanceries and taxation to courts and councils. Church innovations made possible both the rule of law and parliamentary representation. Bringing to light a wealth of historical evidence about papal conflict, excommunications, and ecclesiastical institutions, Sacred Foundations reveals how the challenge and example of powerful religious authorities gave rise to secular state institutions and galvanized state capacity"--

Church and state --- Christianity --- History. --- Influence. --- Europe --- Council of Europe countries --- Eastern Hemisphere --- Eurasia --- Church history --- Politics and government --- History --- 14th century. --- Adversarial system. --- Arbitration award. --- Archbishop of Canterbury. --- Archdeacon. --- Audit. --- Avignon. --- Baron. --- Benefice. --- Canon law (Catholic Church). --- Capitalism. --- Catholic Church in England and Wales. --- Cistercians. --- Clergy. --- Commercial Revolution. --- Common Pool. --- Conciliarism. --- Consent. --- Control variable. --- Criminal law. --- De facto. --- Debtor. --- Doctrine. --- Donation of Constantine. --- Dummy variable (statistics). --- Early modern period. --- Enthusiasm. --- Eternal life (Christianity). --- Exchequer. --- Excommunication. --- Exemption (church). --- Expenditure. --- Expense. --- Fisc. --- Forms of government. --- Friar. --- Fuero. --- Holy Roman Empire. --- Human capital. --- Hussite Wars. --- Imperial election. --- Institution. --- Interdependence. --- Investiture Controversy. --- Jean Gerson. --- Joint attention. --- Jurisdiction. --- Jurist. --- Justice of the peace. --- Justification (theology). --- Language code. --- Language. --- Languedoc. --- Lawyer. --- Lollardy. --- Lump sum. --- Magnanimity. --- Merciless Parliament. --- Moneyer. --- Monogamy. --- Null hypothesis. --- Pacta sunt servanda. --- Panel data. --- Pawnbroker. --- Pope Gregory IX. --- Pope Leo X. --- Pope Paul III. --- Pope Pius X. --- Pope. --- Popularity. --- Precedent. --- Prerogative. --- Property law. --- Prosecutor. --- Public morality. --- Reprisal. --- Residence. --- Right of passage. --- Roman Law. --- Ruler. --- Scientist. --- Separation of church and state. --- Skill. --- Social environment. --- Social intelligence. --- Sources of law. --- Sovereignty. --- Spoken language. --- State formation. --- Statutes of Mortmain. --- Superiority (short story). --- Supranational union. --- Symbolic communication. --- Tax. --- Throne. --- Tories (British political party). --- Whigs (British political party). --- William of Ockham. --- World government. --- Writ of prohibition. --- Canon law --- Clergy --- Clergy members --- Clergymen --- Diocesan clergy --- Ecclesiastics --- Indigenous clergy --- Major orders --- Members of the clergy --- Ministers (Clergy) --- Ministers of the gospel --- Native clergy --- Ordained clergy --- Ordained ministers --- Orders, Major --- Pastors --- Rectors --- Secular clergy --- Religious leaders --- Public law (Canon law) --- Law --- Ecclesiastical law --- Rescripts, Papal --- Catholic Church --- Christian church history --- History of Europe --- anno 500-1499 --- anno 1500-1799 --- Dogma.