Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

The book presents three studies in which eye tracking data were collected at the Musée des Beaux-Arts in Rouen in June and July 2013. Overall, the results of those three studies highlight the knowledge gained from the analysis of the very first saccade in a museum context, when people look at paintings and statues. The first study analyzes how viewers orient their first saccade on paintings. This study shows that, in a museum, the first saccade is attracted toward the center of paintings. This attraction toward the paintings’ center is found in all the subjects’ groups that we have studied. Noteworthily, this effect is significantly less pronounced in individuals who never visit museums. It is among amateurs, who often visit museums, that the center attracts the most the first saccade. Among experts, painters or art history teachers, and to a lesser extent among amateurs, the pictorial composition largely determines the orientation of the first saccade. We indeed found that, as soon as the first saccade, experts orient their gaze toward the main subject. This phenomenon seems to be explained by the fact that experts immediately orient their gaze (here measured as the first saccade) toward the paintings’ location conveying the most meaning. It can either be the center, or a peripheral area, depending on whether the paintings’ most meaningful subject is located centrally or peripherally. The second study shows that the center does not attract the first saccade in 5-year-old children. This behavior appears later, in 8- to 10-year-old children. However, noticeably, the 8–10-year-old children orient significantly less frequently their first saccade toward the paintings’ center as adults do, and this is also true when one considers non-expert adult viewers. The results of the third study focus on statues and reveal a very different oculomotor behavior: Indeed, rather than looking at the center, statues’ viewers exhibit a clear tendency to saccade first at the statues’ contours. This stands in contrast with the behavior that we observe with paintings. Our study concludes that statues trigger a specific oculomotor behavior. The latter appears to be mostly driven by the physical presence that stone bodies incarnate. The movement and the climax of this movement, that sculptors manage to convey, thus turn out to attract the gaze in a unique fashion. The book concludes that the first saccade is a powerful indicator of the oculomotor behavior that greatly improves our comprehension of the unique relationship between a viewer and artworks.

Mathematical statistics --- Electronics --- Computer. Automation --- patroonherkenning --- factoranalyse --- signal processing --- signaalprocessoren --- signaalverwerking --- Signal processing. --- Psychobiology. --- Human behavior. --- Pattern recognition systems. --- Digital and Analog Signal Processing. --- Behavioral Neuroscience. --- Automated Pattern Recognition. --- Art

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

“This book shows convincingly why criminology needs a basis in evolutionary theory --- an understanding of who we are as human beings. Dr. Svingen proposes an exciting new general theory that links crime to fundamental questions about the origins of human cooperation, retribution, and reciprocity. She also presents remarkable results of empirical work designed to test the theory. This is a great achievement of innovative interdisciplinary scholarship.” - Prof. Manuel Eisner, Director, Institute of Criminology, University of Cambridge “The book constitutes a laudable effort to draw attention to the field of evolutionary criminology. This monograph is well-written, skillfully organized, comprehensive, and meticulously referenced. Dr. Svingen has done a masterful job of synthesising the literature on the concepts of retribution and reciprocity in explaining crime; and empirically tested the Retribution and Reciprocity Model.” -Dr. Heng Choon (Oliver) Chan, Associate Professor in Criminology, University of Birmingham This book develops an evolutionary theory of crime. Both evolutionary theory and neurocriminology are growing fields that are attracting more and more interest for criminologists and wider fields alike. This book summarises important readings that relate to retribution and punishment and presents some neurocriminological findings. In addition, the book introduces a new methodology for the study of crime: a game theory experiment adapted from the field of behavioural economics. Overall, the book synthesises the key crime literature, presents a new theory of crime in a new field of evolutionary criminology and the methodology to study it, and provides empirical results in support of the theory. For any evolutionary and neuroscientist interested in deviance, this book offers a new model which is testable using more complex methods such as MRI scanners and survival simulations. Evelyn Svingen is Assistant Professor in Criminology at the University of Birmingham, UK, with an interest in evolutionary theory and the neurophysiology of crime. She received her PhD in Criminology at the University of Cambridge, where she was awarded the Cambridge International Scholarship for the promise and originality of her work.

Criminology. --- Criminal behavior. --- Forensic psychology. --- Psychobiology. --- Human behavior. --- Evolutionary psychology. --- Criminology Theory. --- Criminal Behavior. --- Forensic Psychology. --- Behavioral Neuroscience. --- Evolutionary Psychology. --- Psychology --- Human evolution --- Action, Human --- Behavior, Human --- Ethology --- Human action --- Human beings --- Human biology --- Physical anthropology --- Social sciences --- Psychology, Comparative --- Biological psychology --- Biopsychology --- Biology --- Human behavior --- Biological psychiatry --- Juridical psychology --- Juristic psychology --- Legal psychology --- Psychology, Forensic --- Forensic sciences --- Psychology, Applied --- Criminal psychology --- Deviant behavior --- Crime --- Criminals --- Behavior --- Study and teaching