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Tragically, dictatorship and civil strife have led to less developed, less democratic, and more conflict-prone contemporary Muslim-majority societies. Ahmed argues, however, neither Islam nor aspects of Muslim culture are the cause. Grounded in a positive political economy approach, Conquests and Rents investigates why these societies are predisposed to political violence and low levels of development. Focusing on the role of political institutions and economic rents, Ahmed argues that territories where Islam spread via military conquest developed institutions and practices impervious to democracy and more prone to civil war, while societies in non-conquered territories developed governance structures more susceptible to democracy when rents decline. Conquests and Rents introduces a novel theoretical argument, with corroborative qualitative and statistical analysis, to examine the interplay of the historical legacy of institutions from the premodern period and contemporary rent streams in Muslim-majority societies.
Political violence --- Dictatorship --- Islamic countries --- Politics and government. --- Absolutism --- Autocracy --- Tyranny --- Authoritarianism --- Despotism --- Totalitarianism --- Violence --- Political crimes and offenses --- Terrorism
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"[E]inigen Unterricht bei Haydn genommen, aber nie etwas von ihm gelernt": Ludwig van Beethovens Verhältnis zu Joseph Haydn schien von Beginn an belastet. Entsprechend verstanden die meisten Zeitzeugen, Biographen und Musikhistoriographen des 19. Jahrhunderts Beethoven und Haydn als Oppositionspaar, wobei es je nach ideologischer oder musikpolitischer Position galt, für den einen oder den anderen Partei zu ergreifen. Iris Eggenschwiler zeichnet in ihrer Dissertation die Rezeptionsgeschichte der musikhistorischen Konstellation Beethoven und Haydn nach und unterzieht sie einer umfassenden Neubewertung. Sie untersucht die Voraussetzungen und Hintergründe des kurfürstlichen Beschlusses, den Hofmusiker Beethoven nach Wien zu entsenden, analysiert Beethovens in Wien revidierte Bonner Werke und Neukompositionen bis 1800 und beleuchtet die musikästhetische Debatte um Beethovens "neuen Weg" anhand der dritten Sinfonie "Eroica" und Haydns Londoner Sinfonien. Eine Detailstudie zur C-Dur-Messe op. 86 zeigt schließlich, wie Beethoven versuchte, sich künstlerisch von Haydn zu emanzipieren und sich zugleich, getrieben vom Anspruch auf Nachfolge, in den Kanon klassischer Meister einzuschreiben.
Music --- History and criticism. --- Beethoven, Ludwig van, --- Haydn, Joseph, --- Criticism and interpretation. --- Piano sonata --- Friedrich Schiller --- Piano concerto --- Chamber music --- Enlightened Absolutism --- Musical Analysis --- Immanuel Kant
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In The Two Logics of Autocratic Rule, Gerschewski argues that all autocracies must fulfil three conditions to survive: the co-optation of key elites into their inner sanctum, the repression of potential dissent, and popular legitimation. Yet, how these conditions complement each other depends on alternative logics: over-politicization and de-politicization. While the former aims at mobilizing people via inflating a friend-foe distinction, the latter renders the people passive and apathetic, relying instead on performance-driven forms of legitimation. Gerschewski supports this two-logics theory with the empirical analysis of forty-five autocratic regime episodes in East Asia since the end of World War II. In simultaneously synthesizing and extending existing research on non-democracies, this book proposes an innovative way to understand autocratic rule that goes beyond the classic distinction between totalitarian and authoritarian regimes. It will be of interest to scholars and students of comparative politics, political theory, and East Asian politics.
Despotism --- Political stability. --- Political persecution. --- Legitimacy of governments. --- Governments, Legitimacy of --- Legitimacy (Constitutional law) --- Consensus (Social sciences) --- Revolutions --- Sovereignty --- State, The --- General will --- Political stability --- Regime change --- Political repression --- Repression, Political --- Persecution --- Civil rights --- Destabilization (Political science) --- Political instability --- Stability, Political --- Legitimacy of governments --- Absolutism --- Autocracy --- Tyranny --- Authoritarianism --- Dictatorship --- Totalitarianism --- Philosophy. --- Cooptation. --- Associations, institutions, etc. --- Election law --- Elections
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This book presents a new organizing framework for studying democratic recession and autocratization in Southeast Asia. By introducing a new concept, “democratic backlash,” the book details how democratic recession inevitably provokes resistance that often forms the nucleus of new democratic movements, and in doing so, argues that it is important to identify these reverse trends that may eventually become dominant. The book contributes to current literature which thus far has sought to understand the causes and consequences of the decline in democracy around the world. Previous literature has focused primarily on advanced democracies, or alternatively, on large scale quantitative comparison. As such, this book helps fill a research gap with its focus on Southeast Asia, employing a comparative case study approach. Chapter authors are experts on Southeast Asia, a region that has experienced democratic recession and autocratization in a variety of ways, from rising populism to military coups. Dr. James Ockey lectures in the Department of Political Science and International Relations, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand. He has published widely on democratization and autocratization in Thailand. He is a co-founder and director of the Southeast Asia Research Initiative (SEARI) at the University of Canterbury. Dr. Naimah S. Talib is an adjunct senior fellow in the Department of Political Science and International Relations, University of Canterbury. Her research focuses on democratization and the role of Islam in politics in Southeast Asia. She has done extensive research on the history and politics of Malaysia and Brunei. .
Comparative government. --- Political science. --- Asia—Politics and government. --- Comparative Politics. --- Governance and Government. --- Asian Politics. --- Administration --- Civil government --- Commonwealth, The --- Government --- Political theory --- Political thought --- Politics --- Science, Political --- Social sciences --- State, The --- Comparative political systems --- Comparative politics --- Government, Comparative --- Political systems, Comparative --- Political science --- Democracy --- Dictatorship. --- Southeast Asia --- Politics and government --- Self-government --- Equality --- Representative government and representation --- Republics --- Absolutism --- Autocracy --- Tyranny --- Authoritarianism --- Despotism --- Totalitarianism
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