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The volume details techniques, methods, and conceptual developments to further the study of protein aggregation with emphasis on the pleiomorphic proteins implicated in etiology of neurodegeneration. Chapters guide readers through in vitro and in vivo studies of fibrillization and liquid-liquid phase separation processes, and offer a comprehensive account of the state-of-art of structural studies of protein aggregation. Written in the format of the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, each chapter includes an introduction to the topic, lists necessary materials and reagents, includes tips on troubleshooting and known pitfalls, and step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Protein Aggregation: Methods and Protocols aims to be useful and practical guide to new researchers and experts looking to expand their knowledge.

Proteins. --- Spectrum analysis. --- Spectroscopy. --- Analysis, Spectrum --- Spectra --- Spectrochemical analysis --- Spectrochemistry --- Spectrometry --- Spectroscopy --- Analytical chemistry --- Interferometry --- Optics --- Radiation --- Wave-motion, Theory of --- Absorption spectra --- Light --- Spectroscope --- Proteids --- Biomolecules --- Polypeptides --- Proteomics --- Qualitative

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The book investigates acoustic cloaking for elliptical targets, starting from the development of a systematic approach to deal with such non-axisymmetrical shapes by adopting transformation acoustics in elliptic coordinates, and concluding with numerical and experimental validation of a microstructured cloak in the underwater environment. The book thus comprises all the steps from theory to practice that led to the first experimental validation of acoustic invisibility for non-cylindrical objects, whose results are presented in the last chapter. Indeed, despite Transformation Theory is now an established tool to design material distributions capable to unlock the design of invisibility devices, it is not trivial to apply it for shapes different than the sphere and the cylinder, which are thus the ones mainly addressed in the literature. This book paves the way for exploration of other shapes, demonstrating the effectiveness of a pentamode cloak in reducing the acoustic visibility of an elliptical target, and discussing design choices that can make the implementation of the required microstructure less cumbersome despite the lack of axial symmetry of the problem, from both the numerical and manufacturing point of views.

Building materials. --- Acoustical engineering. --- Metamaterials. --- Acoustics. --- Structural Materials. --- Engineering Acoustics. --- Meta materials --- Composite materials --- Electromagnetism --- Acoustic engineering --- Sonic engineering --- Sonics --- Sound engineering --- Sound-waves --- Engineering --- Architectural materials --- Architecture --- Building --- Building supplies --- Buildings --- Construction materials --- Structural materials --- Materials --- Industrial applications --- Underwater acoustics. --- Sound. --- Acoustics --- Continuum mechanics --- Mathematical physics --- Physics --- Pneumatics --- Radiation --- Wave-motion, Theory of --- Acoustics, Underwater --- Hydroacoustics --- Underwater sound --- Fluids --- Sound --- Acoustic properties

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This book deals concisely and coherently with various issues related to electroacoustic waves in piezoelectric layered composites. Starting with the basic linear equations and relations of electromagnet elasticity of homogeneous anisotropic piezoelectric media, the book considers the conditions for possible field or partial conjugation of physical and mechanical fields at the junction of two homogeneous media with geometrically homogeneous surfaces. The variety of electromechanical boundary conditions and the separation of plane and anti-plane fields of elastic deformation in homogeneous piezoelectric crystals are discussed. Then, the statements of the electroacoustic problem in piezo textures are studied and a layered piecewise-homogeneous piezoelectric waveguide is introduced, with non-acoustic contact between different piezoelectric layers. Non-acoustic contact between different piezoelectric layers can lead to the propagation of a hybrid of electroactive waves of plane and anti-plane elastic deformations. In the last part of the book, the problem of controlling electroacoustic waves in a waveguide is formulated. A method for solving problems of control of electroacoustic waves by non-contact surface action is proposed. .

Continuum mechanics. --- Electronics—Materials. --- Geometrical optics. --- Wave theory of light. --- Acoustics. --- Continuum Mechanics. --- Electronic Materials. --- Classical Optics, Geometric and Wave optics. --- Light, Wave theory of --- Optics --- Wave-motion, Theory of --- Wave-particle duality --- Optics, Geometrical --- Mechanics of continua --- Elasticity --- Mechanics, Analytic --- Field theory (Physics)

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This book presents a guide of optical mineralogy for beginners and microscopists who need to brush up their knowledge. It allows the fast identification of common rock-forming minerals in a thin section using a polarized light microscope and transmitted plane and cross polarized light. The book summarizes essential principles of optical mineralogy in numerous schemes. It explains, with the aid of more than 1000 microscopic images, how to determine the diagnostic optical characteristics of a mineral in a thin section. Seventy-two mineral plates of sixty-five common rock-forming minerals comprising typical microscopic images in plane and cross polarized light illustrate the most important optical and crystallographic parameters and their diagnostic characteristics and typical appearance in various geological settings. The original approach of the book is to facilitate mineral identification by mineral plates organized according to color in transmitted plane polarized light and, in each color category, according to decreasing maximum birefringence in cross polarized light. In addition, two chapters are devoted to the classification of magmatic and metamorphic rocks and their common mineral parageneses and textures. The book reflects the author’s experience of teaching optical mineralogy in the most efficient way possible to generations of students at the Universities of Heidelberg (Germany), Basel (Switzerland), and Geneva (Switzerland).

Optical mineralogy. --- Mineralogy, Optical --- Mineralogy, Determinative --- Geology. --- Spectrum analysis. --- Crystallography. --- Spectroscopy. --- Crystallography and Scattering Methods. --- Leptology --- Physical sciences --- Mineralogy --- Analysis, Spectrum --- Spectra --- Spectrochemical analysis --- Spectrochemistry --- Spectrometry --- Spectroscopy --- Analytical chemistry --- Interferometry --- Optics --- Radiation --- Wave-motion, Theory of --- Absorption spectra --- Light --- Spectroscope --- Geognosy --- Geoscience --- Earth sciences --- Natural history --- Qualitative

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This book describes analytical instruments widely used to characterize the nanostructured materials. It provides information about how to assess material quality, defects, the state of surfaces and interfaces, element distributions, strain, lattice distortion, and electro-optical properties of materials and devices. The information provided by this book can be used as a back-up for material processing, material design and debugging of device performance. The basic principles and methodology of each analysis technique is described in separate chapters, adding historic perspectives and recent developments. The data analysis, from simple to advanced level, is introduced by numerous examples, mostly taken from the authors' fields of research; semiconductor materials, metals and oxides. The book serves as a valuable guide for scientists and students working in materials science, physics, and engineering, who wish to become acquainted with the most important analytical techniques for nanomaterials. .

Materials --- Nanoscience. --- Spectrum analysis. --- Optical materials. --- Nanotechnology. --- Characterization and Analytical Technique. --- Nanophysics. --- Spectroscopy. --- Optical Materials. --- Analysis. --- Molecular technology --- Nanoscale technology --- High technology --- Optics --- Analysis, Spectrum --- Spectra --- Spectrochemical analysis --- Spectrochemistry --- Spectrometry --- Spectroscopy --- Analytical chemistry --- Interferometry --- Radiation --- Wave-motion, Theory of --- Absorption spectra --- Light --- Spectroscope --- Nano science --- Nanoscale science --- Nanosciences --- Science --- Qualitative