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"In a bid to claim 'scientific objects' as requiring a significant amount of conceptual labor, this book looks sequentially at instruments, habits, and museums. The goal is to uncover how, together, these material and immaterial activities, rules, and commitments form one meaningful and credible blueprint revealing the building blocks of knowledge production. They serve to conceptualize and examine the entire life of an instrument: from its ideation and craft to its use, reuse, circulation, recycling, and (if not obliterated) its final entry into a museum. It is such an epistemological triptych that guides this investigation"--

Scientific apparatus and instruments --- Science --- Science museums --- Museum objects --- History. --- History. --- History.

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Experimental particle physics is a science of many scales. A large number of physical processes spanning energies from meV to TeV must be understood for modern collider experiments to be designed, built, and conducted successfully. This thesis contributes to the understanding of phenomena across this entire dynamic range. The first half of this document studies aspects of low-energy physics that govern the operation of particle detectors, limit their performance, and guide the development of novel instrumentation. To formalise these aspects, classical electrodynamics is used to derive a general description of the formation of electrical signals in detectors, and ideas from quantum mechanics are applied to the study of charge avalanche amplification in semiconductors. These results lead to a comprehensive analytical characterisation of the time resolution and the efficiency of single-photon avalanche diodes, and isolate the most important design variables. They also reveal the applicability of these devices in precision timing detectors for charged particles, which is experimentally verified in a high-energy hadron beam. Large detector systems at hadron colliders probe fundamental physics at the energy frontier. In the second half, data collected with the ATLAS detector during Run 2 of the Large Hadron Collider are used to measure the cross-section for the production of a Higgs boson together with an electroweak boson as a function of the kinematic scale of the process. This measurement provides the finest granularity available to date for this process. It is highly informative of the structure of interactions beyond the direct kinematic reach of the experiment, and new limits are set on the couplings of such interactions within an effective field theory.

Particles (Nuclear physics). --- Measurement. --- Measuring instruments. --- Particle Physics. --- Measurement Science and Instrumentation. --- Instruments, Measuring --- Measurement --- Measuring tools --- Scientific apparatus and instruments --- Measuring --- Mensuration --- Mathematics --- Technology --- Metrology --- Physical measurements --- Elementary particles (Physics) --- High energy physics --- Nuclear particles --- Nucleons --- Nuclear physics --- Instruments

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This book provides a unique approach to understand the Nuclear Physics, especially from the experimental end. The highlight of this book is that special care has been taken to provide more experimental information, considering real experimental data which has been published in several journals. Special experimental focus is given to methodologies involving: offline gamma counting and online particle detection. The book provides information about recent developments in accelerators, overview of the detectors and concise information of associated electronics, data acquisition systems and computers for data analysis.

Nuclear physics. --- Measurement. --- Measuring instruments. --- Physics. --- Nuclear and Particle Physics. --- Measurement Science and Instrumentation. --- Applied and Technical Physics. --- Atomic nuclei --- Atoms, Nuclei of --- Nucleus of the atom --- Physics --- Natural philosophy --- Philosophy, Natural --- Physical sciences --- Dynamics --- Instruments, Measuring --- Measurement --- Measuring tools --- Scientific apparatus and instruments --- Measuring --- Mensuration --- Mathematics --- Technology --- Metrology --- Physical measurements --- Instruments --- Nuclear physics --- Experiments.

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T his textbook offers a comprehensive introduction to the basic principles ruling the working mechanism of the most common solid-state electronic devices. It covers the physics of semiconductors and the properties of junctions of semiconductors with semiconductors, metals, and insulators. The exposition makes a minimal use of quantum mechanics concepts and methods. On the other hand, it avoids the pure phenomenological description of the properties of electronic devices. Thus, using a semi-classical approach the book provides a rigorous treatment of the subject. The book is addressed to undergraduate students of scientific and technological faculties as well to professionals who wish to be introduced to the basic principles of electronic devices.

Electronic apparatus and appliances. --- Semiconductors. --- Crystalline semiconductors --- Semi-conductors --- Semiconducting materials --- Semiconductor devices --- Crystals --- Electrical engineering --- Electronics --- Solid state electronics --- Electronic devices --- Physical instruments --- Scientific apparatus and instruments --- Electronic instruments --- Materials --- Apparatus and appliances --- Electronics. --- Solid state physics. --- Electronics and Microelectronics, Instrumentation. --- Electronic Devices. --- Physics --- Solids --- Physical sciences

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This book is a detailed, state-of-the-art account of the applications and uses of luminescence thermometry. It covers a wide range of fields, including biomedicine, biology, and catalysis. The book also explains the luminescence thermometric parameters used to sense temperature via luminescence with different materials, analyzing the different strategies used to improve thermal sensitivity and temperature resolution. The readers of this book are any researcher interested in the field, because of its topical coverage, as well as bachelor and graduate students, as an introduction to this novel field. The book ends with a general critical analysis of the results presented, where the editors discuss about the challenges and opportunities in the development of these highly sensitive new class of thermometers.

Materials --- Measurement. --- Measuring instruments. --- Biomaterials. --- Biomedical engineering. --- Materials Characterization Technique. --- Measurement Science and Instrumentation. --- Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering. --- Analysis. --- Clinical engineering --- Medical engineering --- Bioengineering --- Biophysics --- Engineering --- Medicine --- Instruments, Measuring --- Measurement --- Measuring tools --- Scientific apparatus and instruments --- Measuring --- Mensuration --- Mathematics --- Technology --- Metrology --- Physical measurements --- Instruments