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In the mid-19th century, the scientific community was convinced that physics had been fully discovered and only isolated, peripheral issues remained unexplained. One of these was black body radiation (CDC) and the transformation of electromagnetic waves. In 1893, Wien proved that the wavelength at which CDC radiates the greatest amount of energy is inversely proportional to body temperature. Surprisingly, the formula resulting from current, reliable physics describes CDC radiation very well only at low frequencies. For ultraviolet frequencies, the obtained function was constantly upwards. Planck proposed the distribution of the CDC radiation spectrum, assuming that the radiation can only be emitted in precisely defined portions known as quanta. This was the year of the creation of quantum physics, one of the foundations of modern physics. Aristotle recognized that there is a distinctive frame of reference. This view was challenged by Galileo, who concluded that the speed and position of the body are relative. The Galilean transformation became the foundation of Newtonian physics. However, Maxwell's equations describing electromagnetic waves were not subject to the Galilean transformation but rather to the Lorentz transformation. The biggest problem at the beginning of the 20th century was the incompatibility of the laws of dynamics and electromagnetism. The theory of relativity is another foundation of modern physics. The last year of the 19th century debunked the myth of full understanding of the laws of nature. It quickly turned out that the knowledge about the universe at that time was very little. This lack of knowledge led to a rapid reconstruction of physics in the first half of the 20th century. is book discusses some of these subjects, including spinor fields, 5D relativity, dissipative quantum system and energy balance, centrifugal acceleration in relativistic astrophysics, and time-dependent photoluminescence.

Quantum field theory.

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The physics of non-equilibrium many-body systems is a rapidly expanding area of theoretical physics. Traditionally employed in laser physics and superconducting kinetics, these techniques have more recently found applications in the dynamics of cold atomic gases, mesoscopic and nano-mechanical systems, and quantum computation. This book provides a detailed presentation of modern non-equilibrium field-theoretical methods, applied to examples ranging from biophysics to the kinetics of superfluids and superconductors. A highly pedagogical and self-contained approach is adopted within the text, making it ideal as a reference for graduate students and researchers in condensed matter physics. The text has been substantially updated to include recent developments in the field. Problems have been added throughout, structured as compact guided research projects that encourage independent exploration.

Quantum field theory. --- Nonequilibrium statistical mechanics.

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Heavy ion collision experiments recreating the quark-gluon plasma that filled the microseconds-old universe have established that it is a nearly perfect liquid that flows with such minimal dissipation that it cannot be seen as made of particles. String theory provides a powerful toolbox for studying matter with such properties. This book provides a comprehensive introduction to gauge/string duality and its applications to the study of the thermal and transport properties of quark-gluon plasma, the dynamics of how it forms, the hydrodynamics of how it flows, and its response to probes including jets and quarkonium mesons. Calculations are discussed in the context of data from RHIC and LHC and results from finite temperature lattice QCD. The book is an ideal reference for students and researchers in string theory, quantum field theory, quantum many-body physics, heavy ion physics and lattice QCD.

Heavy ion collisions. --- Quantum field theory. --- String models. --- Quantum chromodynamics.

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This book develops the basic formalism and theoretical techniques for studying relativistic quantum field theory at high temperature and density. Specific physical theories treated include QED, QCD, electroweak theory, and effective nuclear field theories of hadronic and nuclear matter. Topics covered include: functional integral representation of the partition function, diagrammatic expansions, linear response theory, screening and plasma oscillations, spontaneous symmetry breaking, Goldstone theorem, resummation and hard thermal loops, lattice gauge theory, phase transitions, nucleation theory, quark-gluon plasma, and color superconductivity. Applications to astrophysics and cosmology cover white dwarf and neutron stars, neutrino emissivity, baryon number violation in the early universe, and cosmological phase transitions. Applications to relativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions are also included. The book is written for theorists in elementary particle physics, nuclear physics, astrophysics, and cosmology. Released initially in 2006, this title has been reissued as an Open Access publication on Cambridge Core.

Quantum field theory. --- Particles (Nuclear physics) --- Many-body problem.

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This second edition of Some Unusual Topics in Quantum Mechanics builds upon the topics covered in the first, with additional chapters that delve deeper into the mathematical foundations of the subject. New topics include Hilbert spaces and unbounded operators, minimum uncertainty states, path integrals in general coordinates, Fock spaces, second quantization, relativistic particle states, and quantum fields. Historical insights are also included, such as a pre-history of matrix mechanics and Pauli's proof of the H-atom spectrum using O(4) symmetry. Finally, readers are introduced to Bell's inequality and the non-locality in quantum mechanics that is revealed through its violation. These topics are rarely covered in introductory textbooks but are crucial to developing a student's interest and deeper understanding of quantum mechanics. This book serves as valuable supporting material for graduate-level core courses on the subject.

Quantum physics. --- Elementary particles (Physics). --- Quantum field theory. --- Mathematical physics. --- Fundamental concepts and interpretations of QM. --- Elementary Particles, Quantum Field Theory. --- Mathematical Physics. --- Quantum theory.