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This book comprehensively presents an unconventional quantum criticality caused by valence fluctuations, which offers theoretical understanding of unconventional Fermi-liquid properties in cerium- and ytterbium-based heavy fermion metals including CeCu2(Si,Ge)2 and CeRhIn5 under pressure, and quasicrystal β-YbAlB4 and Yb15Al34Au51. The book begins with an introduction to fundamental concepts for heavy fermion systems, valence fluctuation, and quantum phase transition, including self-consistent renormalization group theory. A subsequent chapter is devoted to a comprehensive description of the theory of the unconventional quantum criticality based on a valence transition, featuring explicit temperature dependence of various physical quantities, which allows for comparisons to relevant experiments. Lastly, it discusses how ubiquitous the valence fluctuation is, presenting candidate materials not only in heavy fermions, but also in strongly correlated electrons represented by high-Tc superconductor cuprates. Introductory chapters provide useful materials for learning fundamentals of heavy fermion systems and their theory. Further, experimental topics relevant to valence fluctuations are valuable resources for those who are new to the field to easily catch up with experimental background and facts.

Condensed matter. --- Superconductivity. --- Superconductors. --- Magnetism. --- Strongly Correlated Systems. --- Phase Transition and Critical Phenomena. --- Phase Transitions and Multiphase Systems.

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This thesis describes key contributions to the fundamental understanding of materials structure and dynamics from a microscopic perspective. In particular, the thesis reports several advancements in time-domain methodologies using ultrafast pulses from X-ray free-electron lasers (FEL) to probe the interactions between electrons and phonons in photoexcited materials. Using femtosecond time-resolved X-ray diffraction, the author quantifies the coherent atomic motion trajectory upon sudden excitation of carriers in SnSe. This allows the reconstruction of the nonequilibrium lattice structure and identification of a novel lattice instability towards a higher-symmetry structure not found in equilibrium. This is followed by an investigation of the excited-state phonon dispersion in SnSe using time-resolved X-ray diffuse scattering which enables important insight into how photoexcitation alters the strength of specific bonds leading to the novel lattice instability observed in X-ray diffraction. Finally, by combining ultrafast X-ray diffraction and ARPES, the author performs quantitative measurements of electron-phonon coupling in Bi2Te3 and Bi2Se3. The findings highlight the importance of time-resolved X-ray scattering techniques based on FELs, which reveals the details of interplay between electron orbitals, atomic bonds, and structural instabilities. The microscopic information of electron phonon interaction obtained from these methods can rationalize ways to control materials and to design their functional properties.

Lasers. --- Optical spectroscopy. --- Condensed matter. --- Solid state physics. --- Laser. --- Laser-Matter Interaction. --- Optical Spectroscopy. --- Structure of Condensed Matter. --- Electronic Devices. --- Phase Transition and Critical Phenomena.

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This book presents the essential ideas of coherent states and provides researchers and graduate students with the necessary tools for various applications of generalized coherent state theory. These applications include areas such as quantum information, quantum phase transitions, quantum many-body systems, quantum chaos, and quantum open systems. The aim of the book is to show how coherent states can be applied to an extensive range of physical systems. The authors provide many exercises at the end of each chapter to enhance the mastery of the subject. Throughout the first seven chapters, only an understanding of elementary quantum mechanics is assumed, and for the last six chapters, some basic knowledge of group theory is requested to follow the arguments. .

Quantum computing. --- Condensed matter. --- Atoms. --- Molecules. --- Quantum Information. --- Phase Transition and Critical Phenomena. --- Condensed Matter Physics. --- Atomic, Molecular and Chemical Physics. --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Matter --- Stereochemistry --- Condensed materials --- Condensed media --- Condensed phase --- Materials, Condensed --- Media, Condensed --- Phase, Condensed --- Liquids --- Solids --- Computation, Quantum --- Computing, Quantum --- Information processing, Quantum --- Quantum computation --- Quantum information processing --- Electronic data processing --- Constitution --- Physics --- Science

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This book proposes a completely unique reaction kinetics theory based on the uncertainty principle of quantum mechanics; the physical viewpoint and mathematical details for the theory construction are explained, and abundant applications of the theory mainly in materials science are described. The theory argues that physical systems on reaction are in a quantum-mechanically uncertain state, and that such systems will transition to new states after a finite duration time. Based on this theory, if the magnitude of the energy uncertainty, i.e., energy fluctuation of the system on reaction can be determined, we can calculate the reaction rates not only for the thermal activation processes but also for the non-thermal activation process such as mechanical, optical, electromagnetic, or other actions. Therefore, researchers or engineers who are involved in fields such as the discovery of new chemical substances, development of materials, innovation of manufacturing processes, and also everyone purely interested in kinetic methodology find this book very stimulating and motivating. .

Quantum mechanics. Quantumfield theory --- Solid state physics --- Metallurgy --- quantumfysica --- fysica --- metalen --- Chemical kinetics. --- Quantum chemistry. --- Condensed matter. --- Metals. --- Quantum physics. --- Reaction Kinetics. --- Quantum Chemistry. --- Phase Transition and Critical Phenomena. --- Metals and Alloys. --- Quantum Physics. --- Chemistry, Physical And Theoretical --- Condensed Matter --- Materials --- Quantum Theory --- Science --- Technology & Engineering

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This book highlights the fundamentals for understanding the essential problems and latest progresses in basic water science. Water is the most abundant, fundamental and important matter in nature. Arguably it is also the material that human beings study the most but misunderstand the most. Compared with the environmental science and engineering research activities on water resources, water pollution and water usage closely related to social problems at the macro level, basic scientific research on water at the molecular level has just emerged, the impact of which is not fully recognized yet. This book is devoted to introducing some important advances in the field of basic water science in past decades, with a particular emphasis on recent results on water and the interactions between water and solid surfaces at the molecular level. Starting from introducing concepts and popular theoretical and experimental methods for basic water research, this book mainly focuses on the atomic composition, electronic structure, and physicochemical properties of water molecules, water clusters and water layers (including surface water layers and water surface layers), rules for water adsorption on metals, oxides, and other typical solid surfaces such as salt, as well as the microscopic processes and mechanisms of water diffusion, wetting, decomposition and phase transformations under a variety of conditions. It is a good reference book for students and researchers in water-related science.

Hydrology. --- Water. --- Hydrology --- Aquatic sciences --- Earth sciences --- Hydrography --- Water --- Atomic structure . --- Molecular structure. --- Surfaces (Physics). --- Microclusters. --- Condensed matter. --- Quantum physics. --- Quantum statistics. --- Atomic and Molecular Structure and Properties. --- Surface and Interface and Thin Film. --- Atomic and Molecular Clusters. --- Phase Transition and Critical Phenomena. --- Atom and Molecule Optics and Interferometry. --- Quantum Gases and Condensates. --- Quantum statistical mechanics --- Matrix mechanics --- Statistical mechanics --- Wave mechanics --- Quantum dynamics --- Quantum mechanics --- Quantum physics --- Physics --- Mechanics --- Thermodynamics --- Condensed materials --- Condensed media --- Condensed phase --- Materials, Condensed --- Media, Condensed --- Phase, Condensed --- Liquids --- Matter --- Solids --- Atomic clusters --- Clusters, Atomic --- Clusters, Molecular --- Microcluster physics --- Molecular clusters --- Atoms --- Microphysics --- Surface chemistry --- Surfaces (Technology) --- Structure, Molecular --- Chemical structure --- Structural bioinformatics --- Structure, Atomic --- Atomic theory