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Federal, state, and local initiatives have encouraged education and training providers to build stackable credentials, a series of postsecondary credentials that can be earned over time and that build on each other to prepare individuals for different needs for knowledge and skills throughout a career. By offering flexible pathways that allow individuals to earn credentials incrementally and work as they earn credentials, stackable credentials can advance economic and educational opportunity for low-income individuals and other groups that have not been well served in traditional degree programs. However, there is limited evidence on whether low-income individuals are benefiting from stacking credentials and whether low-income individuals face systemic barriers to equity within stackable credential pipelines. In this report, the authors take a mixed methods approach to examining stackable credential equity in Colorado and Ohio, two states pursuing stackable credential initiatives. The authors analyzed administrative data to describe patterns in credential-stacking and in earnings for low-income individuals relative to middle- and high-income individuals. They identify four potential systemic barriers to equity within stackable credential pipelines and interview key stakeholders to learn more about factors contributing to these barriers and discuss options to ensure equitable opportunities to stack credentials across fields of study and institutions.

Vocational education --- Postsecondary education --- Low-income students --- Colorado. --- Ohio.

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"Twenty-six species of the beetle family Lampyridae, commonly known as fireflies, paapaskile'fi in the Shawnee language, have been identified in the water-worn hollows and foothills of Appalachian Ohio; nineteen communicate with bioluminescent courtship displays. These flash codes--which vary in color, pattern, and duration, and by habitat, hour of night, and time of season--appear for a brief moment on warm nights in late spring and summer, at the very end of a firefly's one- to two-year life cycle. Male fireflies broadcast their signals, which females see and respond to from discreet places; if she answers his call, they will mate, and she will lay eggs, before their deaths. I maintained a watch of these displays over four successive summers, from 2019 to 2022." "Recorded with an exposure ranging from several seconds to an hour ..."--Page 76.

Fireflies --- Photuris --- Photinus --- Pyractonema --- Night photography --- Landscape photography --- Photography, Artistic --- Photography --- Exposure --- Appalachian Region --- Ohio --- Glimworm --- Fotograaf --- Fotografische techniek

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"Today, the word “neoliberal” is used to describe an epochal shift toward market-oriented governance begun in the 1970s. Yet the roots of many of neoliberalism’s policy tools can be traced to the ideas and practices of mid-twentieth-century liberalism.In Illusions of Progress, Brent Cebul chronicles the rise of what he terms “supply-side liberalism,” a powerful and enduring orientation toward politics and the economy, race and poverty, that united local chambers of commerce, liberal policymakers and economists, and urban and rural economic planners. Beginning in the late 1930s, New Dealers tied expansive aspirations for social and, later, racial progress to a variety of economic development initiatives. In communities across the country, otherwise conservative business elites administered liberal public works, urban redevelopment, and housing programs. But by binding national visions of progress to the local interests of capital, liberals often entrenched the very inequalities of power and opportunity they imagined their programs solving.When President Lyndon Johnson launched the War on Poverty—which prioritized direct partnerships with poor and racially marginalized citizens—businesspeople, Republicans, and soon, a rising generation of New Democrats sought to rein in its seeming excesses by reinventing and redeploying many of the policy tools and commitments pioneered on liberalism’s supply side: public-private partnerships, market-oriented solutions, fiscal “realism,” and, above all, subsidies for business-led growth now promised to blunt, and perhaps ultimately replace, programs for poor and marginalized Americans.In this wide-ranging book, Brent Cebul illuminates the often-overlooked structures of governance, markets, and public debt through which America’s warring political ideologies have been expressed and transformed. From Washington, D.C. to the declining Rustbelt and emerging Sunbelt and back again, Illusions of Progress reveals the centrality of public and private forms of profit that have defined the enduring boundaries of American politics, opportunity, and inequality— in an era of liberal ascendance and an age of neoliberal retrenchment." -- Publisher's description.

Capitalism --- Poverty --- Cleveland Ohio. --- New Deal. --- New Democrats. --- Rome Georgia. --- activist. --- austerity politics. --- civil rights. --- federalism. --- fiscal conservatism. --- growth. --- inequality. --- liberalism. --- markets. --- municipal debt. --- neoliberalism. --- political history. --- poverty. --- privatization. --- public-private partnerships. --- race. --- rustbelt. --- sunbelt. --- supply side. --- war on poverty. --- United States --- Economic policy --- Politics and government