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En ce début de XXIe siècle, l’affaire des caricatures et l’apparition de Daesh ont replacé Muhammad et le califat au cœur de notre actualité et ont provoqué dans nos esprits stupeur et tremblement. Mais que savons-nous au juste de Muhammad et du califat ? Ce petit ouvrage tentera de répondre à la question en replongeant dans les origines de l’islam non avec la prétention d’épuiser un sujet si complexe mais avec l’ambition de fournir au lecteur quelques clés pour comprendre notre époque. Une fois qu’il aura réalisé que les obscures silhouettes effrayantes qui s’y agitent ne sont que la projection des ombres du passé, le lecteur pourra sans doute observer le tableau du présent avec sérénité.
Islam --- Caliphate --- Origin --- History --- Muḥammad, --- Mahomed, --- Maḥmūd, --- Mahomet, --- Mohammed, --- Magomet, --- Mu-han-mo-te, --- Nabi Muhammad, --- Mukhammed, --- Maometto, --- Mahometto, --- Mohammad, --- Mahoma, --- Muḥamad, --- מוחמד, --- محمد, --- محمد الرسول, --- محمد النبي, --- محمد، --- محمد
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Establishing individual criminal responsibility for mass atrocities is the foundational principle of international criminal justice, but this process is highly complex, and is accompanied by political and legal dilemmas about its operation. The book examines the drafting, interpretation, and application of the rules for assessing individual criminal responsibility as those rules emerge from the intense contestations among judges, lawyers, and academics within the legal field. Focusing on the International Criminal Court (ICC), the book provides a rich analysis of the international debates around questions of criminal responsibility by interrogating formal legal documents and legal scholarship alongside more candid accounts (interviews, memoirs, minutes). These debates are of key importance for international criminal law and global justice because how criminal responsibility laws are construed in practice determines which conduct merits punishment and, ultimately, demarcates the boundaries of what are considered the 'gravest' acts that 'shock' humanity.
Criminal liability (International law) --- International Criminal Court. --- International law --- U.N. International Criminal Court --- United Nations. --- ICC --- CPI --- Cour pénale internationale --- Corte Penal Internacional --- Internationella brottmålsdomstolen --- Pengadilan Pidana Internasional --- Kokusai Keiji Saibansho --- Mezhdunarodnyĭ ugolovnyĭ sud --- Međunarodni kazneni sud --- Międzynarodowy Trybunał Karny --- Maḥkamat al-Jināʼīyah al-Duwalīyah --- Guo ji xing shi fa yuan --- 国际刑事法院 --- Samnakngān ʻAyakān Sān ʻĀyā Rawāng Prathēt --- Tribunal Penal Internacional --- Uluslararası Ceza Mahkemesi --- UCM
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The International Criminal Court seeks to end impunity for the world's worst crimes, to contribute to their prevention. But what is its impact to date? This book takes an in-depth look at four countries under scrutiny of the ICC: Afghanistan, Colombia, Libya, and Uganda. It puts forward an analytical framework to assess the impact of the ICC on four levels: on the domestic legal systems (systemic effect); on peace negotiations and agreements (transformative effect); on victims (reparative effect); and on the perceptions of affected populations (demonstration effect). It concludes that the ICC is having a normative impact on domestic legal systems and peace agreements, but it has brought little reparative justice for victims, and it does not necessarily correspond with how affected populations view justice priorities. The book concludes that justice for the world's worst crimes has no 'universal formula' that can easily be captured in law by one institution.
International Criminal Court. --- International and municipal law. --- International criminal law. --- Criminal justice, Administration of. --- Administration of criminal justice --- Criminal justice, Administration of --- Justice, Administration of --- Crime --- Criminal law --- Criminals --- Criminal law, International --- ICL (International criminal law) --- International law --- Criminal jurisdiction --- International crimes --- Law --- Municipal and international law --- Law and legislation --- Influence --- International law influences --- U.N. International Criminal Court --- United Nations. --- ICC --- CPI --- Cour pénale internationale --- Corte Penal Internacional --- Internationella brottmålsdomstolen --- Pengadilan Pidana Internasional --- Kokusai Keiji Saibansho --- Mezhdunarodnyĭ ugolovnyĭ sud --- Međunarodni kazneni sud --- Międzynarodowy Trybunał Karny --- Maḥkamat al-Jināʼīyah al-Duwalīyah --- Guo ji xing shi fa yuan --- 国际刑事法院 --- Samnakngān ʻAyakān Sān ʻĀyā Rawāng Prathēt --- Tribunal Penal Internacional --- Uluslararası Ceza Mahkemesi --- UCM
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The creation of the World Trade Organization (1995) ushered in a new era in world trading arrangements. This text explains how the WTO functions, and how it relates to the General Agreement on Trades and Tariffs (GATT).
International economic relations. --- International trade. --- Tariff. --- General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (Organization) --- World Trade Organization. --- Ad valorem tariff --- Border taxes --- Customs (Tariff) --- Customs duties --- Duties --- Fees, Import --- Import controls --- Import fees --- Tariff on raw materials --- External trade --- Foreign commerce --- Foreign trade --- Global commerce --- Global trade --- Trade, International --- World trade --- Economic policy, Foreign --- Economic relations, Foreign --- Economics, International --- Foreign economic policy --- Foreign economic relations --- Interdependence of nations --- International economic policy --- International economics --- New international economic order --- Biśva Bāṇijya Saṃsthā --- Dėlkhiĭn Khudaldaany Baĭguullaga --- DTÖ --- Dünya Ticaret Örgütü --- Munaẓẓamat al-Tijārah al-ʻĀlamīyah --- O.M.C. --- OMC --- ʻOngkān Kānkhā Lōk --- Organisation mondiale du commerce --- Organização Mundial do Comércio --- Organización Mundial de Comercio --- Organización Mundial del Comercio --- Organizația Mondială de Comerț --- Organizzazione mondiale del commercio --- Organizzazione mondiale per il commercio --- Qaṅgkār Bāṇijjakamm Bibhab Lok --- Sāzmān-i Tijārat-i Jahānī --- Shi jie mao yi zu zhi --- SOT --- Světová obchodní organizace --- Svitova orhanizat︠s︡ii︠a︡ torhivli --- Światowa Organizacja Handlu --- Tổ chức thương mại thế giới --- Viśva Vyapāra Saṅgaṭhana --- Vsemirnai︠a︡ torgovai︠a︡ organizat︠s︡ii︠a︡ --- VTO --- W.T.O. --- Welthandelsorganisation --- World Trade Organisation --- WTO --- منظمة التجارة العالمية --- 世界貿易組織 --- 世界贸易组织 --- Accord général sur les tarifs douaniers et le commerce (Organization) --- Acordo Geral de Tarifas e Comércio (Organization) --- Contracting Parties to GATT --- Contracting Parties to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade --- G.A.T.T. --- GĀT (Organization) --- GATT --- Generalʹnoe soglashenie po tarifam i torgovle (Organization) --- Genikē Symphōnia Dasmōn kai Emporiou --- GHĀT --- GHĀTT --- JĀT (Organization) --- JĀTT --- Kuan mao tsung hsieh ting (Organization) --- Kuan shui ho mao i tsung hsieh ting (Organization) --- Kuan shui yü mao i tsung hsieh ting (Organization) --- Kwase Muyŏk Ilban Hyŏpchŏng --- Muvāfaqatnāmah-i ʻUmūmī-i Taʻrifah va Tijārat --- Partes Contratantes del Acuerdo General sobre Aranceles Aduaneros y Comercio --- Parti contraenti dell'Accordo generale sulle tariffe doganali e sul commercio --- Parties contractantes à l'accord général sur les tarifs douaniers et le commerce --- Vertragsparteien des Allgemeinen Zoll- und Handelsabkommens --- جات --- Commercial policy --- Indirect taxation --- Revenue --- Customs administration --- Favored nation clause --- Non-tariff trade barriers --- Reciprocity (Commerce) --- Commerce --- International economic relations --- Non-traded goods --- Economic policy --- International relations --- Economic sanctions --- United Nations. --- World Trade Organization --- International trade --- Tariff --- E-books --- Commercial treaties.
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