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2023 (10)

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Book
Saints and their legacies in medieval Iceland
Authors: ---
ISBN: 184384611X 9781843846116 9781843846116 184384611X 9781800101999 Year: 2023 Publisher: Cambridge D.S. Brewer

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Abstract

Icelanders venerated numerous saints, both indigenous and from overseas, in the Middle Ages. However, although its literary elite was well acquainted with contemporary Continental currents in hagiographic compositions, theological discussions, and worship practices, much of the history of the learned European networks through which the Icelandic cult of the saints developed and partially survived the Lutheran Reformation remains obscure. The essays collected in this volume address this lacuna by exploring the legacies of the cult of some of the most prominent saints and holy men in medieval Iceland (the Virgin Mary along with SS Agnes of Rome, Benedict of Nursia, Catherine of Alexandria, Dominic of Caleruega, Michael the Archangel, Jo?n of Ho?lar, Þorla?kr of Ska?lholt, La?renti?us of Ho?lar, and Guðmundr the Good), using evidence drawn from Old Norse-Icelandic and Latin hagiographic literature, homilies, prayers, diplomas, sacred art, place-names, and church dedications. By placing the medieval Icelandic cult of the saints within its wider European context, the contributions trace new historical routes of cultural transmission and define the creative processes of the accommodation and adaptation of foreign hagiographic sources and models in medieval and early modern Iceland. They provide a clear picture of an Icelandic hagiographic literature and culture that celebrates the splendour of the saints; they also show how an engaging literary genre, which became immensely popular on the island throughout the Middle Ages and beyond, was created


Book
Constructing saints in Greek and Latin hagiography : heroes and heroines in late antique and medieval narrative
Authors: --- ---
ISBN: 9782503602820 2503602827 9782503602837 Year: 2023 Publisher: Turnhout : Brepols,

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This book explores representations of saints in a variety of Latin and Greek late antique hagiographical narratives, such as saints? Lives, martyr acts, miracle collections, and edifying tales. The book examines techniques through which the saints featured in such texts are depicted as heroes and heroines, i.e., as extraordinary characters exhibiting both exemplary behaviour and a set of specific qualities that distinguish them from others. The book inscribes itself in a growing body of relatively recent scholarship that approaches hagiographical accounts not just as historical sources but also as narrative constructions. As such, it contributes to the development of a scholarly rationale which increasingly values imaginative and fictional aspects of hagiography in their own right, with the aim of answering broader questions about narrative creativity and ideology. For instance, individual chapters examine how hagiographical accounts mobilize and capitalize on earlier literary and rhetorical traditions or narrative models. These questions are specifically addressed to explore the narrative construction of characters. The chapters thereby encourage us to acknowledge that many hagiographers were more skilful than is often accepted.


Book
Saints hommes de Chiraz et du Fārs
Author:
ISBN: 9789004542730 9789004542747 Year: 2023 Publisher: Leiden ;Boston Brill

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In Saints hommes de Chiraz et du Fārs. Pouvoir, société et lieux de sacralité (Xe-XVe s.), Denise Aigle studies the spiritual role, but also the political one, played by the Sufi shaykhs. From the tenth century, Fārs was a a land of holiness with Shaykh Kabīr in Shiraz and Murshid al-Dīn Abū Isḥāq in Kāzarūn. This research is based on hagiographic sources, historical chronicles, literary sources and archival documents. The author shows how the pre-Islamic history of Fārs was integrated into spiritual Islam thanks to the mystical speculations of the Sufi shaykhs. The particular interest of this research is its contribution to the history of Lāristān, a region that has long remained terra incognita. Thanks to handwritten hagiographic documents preserved in several private libraries, we discover the existence and the role of spiritual masters until now totally unknown.


Book
Une autre histoire : Histoire, temps et passé dans les Vies et Passions latines (IVe-XIe siècle)
Author:
ISBN: 9782493209047 2493209044 2493209060 Year: 2023 Publisher: Aubervilliers, Paris, Orléans : Institut de recherche et d’histoire des textes,

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Quand ils écrivent la Vie d’un saint, les hagiographes racontent des événements passés, les situent dans un contexte nécessaire à leur récit, tout en les inscrivant dans un plan de Salut. L’hagiographie est donc un exercice d’écriture de l’histoire, mais d’une autre histoire que celle des chroniqueurs. Les hagiographes de l’Antiquité tardive voulaient qu’on les distinguât des historiens profanes ; mais quand leurs successeurs du premier Moyen Âge discutent de la chronologie et confrontent leurs sources, ils définissent des techniques savantes et une éthique adaptées à la connaissance du passé, qui ne sont pas très éloignées des pratiques attendues des historiens. Leurs Vies apportent ainsi un jour nouveau sur ce que le Moyen Âge appelait l’histoire. Elles dévoilent aussi la culture historique et les représentations du passé que l’Occident latin a façonnées à force de se raconter des histoires de saints. When writers document the life of a saint, they describe past events, they put them into a narrative context that serves to further their story and, at the same time, fit within a larger plan of salvation. Hagiography is therefore a form of historical writing, but it differs from that of chroniclers. The hagiographers of Late Antiquity sought to distinguish themselves from secular historians. However, their successors in the early Middle Ages were concerned with chronology and source comparison, leading to the development of scholarly techniques and ethical practices that closely align with those expected of historians. Consequently, their works shed new light on what the Middle Ages defined as history, while also revealing the historical culture and the way the Latin West shaped its understanding of the past through stories about saints.


Book
Le siècle des saints : Le VIIe siècle dans les récits hagiographiques
Authors: --- ---
ISBN: 2503590357 9782503590356 9782503605487 Year: 2023 Publisher: Turnhout Brepols Publishers

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Les Vies de saints représentent la principale source d’informations sur la vie religieuse, sociale et politiques du royaume mérovingien à son apogée, sous les règnes de Clotaire II (613-629), de Dagobert Ier (629-639) puis de ses fils. Elles viennent ainsi compléter les informations fournies par la principale chronique de cette période dite « de Frédégaire ». Ce recueil rassemble des traductions inédites de Vies particulièrement représentatives. Elles montrent des évêques dans leurs activités administratives et politiques au sein de vieilles cités de fondation romaine (Didier de Vienne et Arnoul de Metz) comme dans les missions de conversion dans les marges du royaume (Amand dans la vallée de l’Escaut, Omer le long du littoral flamand) et, au-delà, jusqu’en Frise (Vulfran) et dans la lointaine Angleterre qui maintenait toutefois des liens étroits avec le continent ce qui justifie la présence de la Vie de saint Wilfrid d’York dans ce recueil. Le monde monastique est représenté par des fondateurs d’abbayes qui acquirent dès le VIIe siècle un rôle religieux, social et politique considérable : à Laon (Salaberge), Nivelles (Gertrude), Sithiu, aujourd’hui Saint-Omer (Bertin), Jumièges puis Noirmoutier (Philibert) et Chelles où se retira la reine Bathilde au début des années 660. Enfin, le célèbre récit de la vision du moine Baronte est un témoignage original de la spiritualité monastique du temps.


Book
Pious fictions and pseudo-saints in the late Middle Ages : selected legends from an Icelandic legendary
Author:
ISBN: 9780888443113 0888443110 Year: 2023 Publisher: Toronto PIMS (Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies)

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"This volume provides English translations of selected legends from a remarkable sixteenth-century Icelandic collection known as the Reykjahólabók. The Middle Low German originals it translates are no longer extant and are apocryphal wholly or in part. Also included is a wide-ranging introduction that surveys the historical and literary contexts for the translation of Catholic saints' lives on the eve of the Protestant Reformation, as well as normalized editions of the sixteenth-century texts accessible to readers of contemporary Icelandic."--


Book
Saint Roch : l’évêque, le chevalier, le pèlerin (VIIe-XVe siècle)
Authors: --- ---
ISBN: 9782503596624 2503596622 Year: 2023 Publisher: Turnhout Brepols Publishers

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En ne retenant des deux Vies de saint Roch publiées par les bollandistes que ce qui s’accordait avec l’Histoire, en dépit de leurs incohérences, l’érudition s’était employée jusqu’ici à construire la « biographie vraisemblable » d’un pèlerin thaumaturge de la deuxième moitié du XIVe siècle. Outre de nouvelles vitae, l’auteur investigue de manière exhaustive toutes les autres dimensions négligées d’un dossier hagiographique complexe : celles de la liturgie, des archives civiles, des reliques et de l’iconographie. Il en publie et analyse un corpus exceptionnel de documents inédits, dont certains précèdent les récits de plusieurs décennies. Il en ressort une figure inattendue et bien différente de celle qui résultait du traitement traditionaliste et trop exclusif des documents littéraires. Elle s’enracine dans celle d’un évêque mérovingien d’Autun, se « rénove » sous l’effet de la peste dans la liturgie languedocienne de la fin du XIVe siècle, puis se dédouble dans l’iconographie italienne de la première moitié du XVe siècle. Elle s’inscrit enfin dans un roman du dernier tiers du siècle, plusieurs fois remanié, que le nouveau vecteur de l’imprimerie propulsera à travers toute l’Europe, en deux décennies à peine. Cette vaste enquête heuristique, conçue dans le strict héritage de l’hagiographie critique, apporte encore une contribution méthodologique et épistémologique originale à la stemmatique des réécritures, à l’étude des faux « vols pieux » de reliques et à l’exploitation de l’iconographie. Elle entend aussi alimenter la réflexion sur la notion de dévotion populaire et sur les phénomènes et les groupes sociaux qui la génèrent. Publié avec le concours de la Fondation Universitaire de Belgique,de la Fondation André Vauchez (Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres),et du Centre d’études médiévales de Montpellier (Université Paul Valéry Montpellier 3)


Book
Holiness on the move : mobility and space in Byzantine hagiography
Author:
ISBN: 9781032290805 103229079X 9781032290799 1032290803 9781000833102 Year: 2023 Publisher: London Routledge

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Holiness on the Move: Mobility and Space in Byzantine Hagiography, explores the literary, religious, and social functions of monastic mobility in Byzantine hagiography, touching on aspects of space, narrative, and identity. The ten chapters included in this volume highlight the multifaceted and rich nature of travel narratives, exploring topics such as authorship and audience, narrative structure and function, identity-making and practicalities of and discourse on travel. In terms of geographical span, the case studies cover Constantinople and its hinterland, Asia Minor, mainland Greece, Trebizond, the Balkans, and southern Italy, and range chronologically from the end of the sixth to the fourteenth century. The contributions offer novel insights and perspectives on the importance of mobility in the literary construction of holiness in the Byzantine world and the wider medieval Mediterranean, the spatial dimension of sacred mobility, and the ways in which mobility is employed in the narrative construction of hagiographical texts. As such, the volume joins the burgeoning research on sacred mobilities and will interest students and scholars of Byzantine and medieval literature, religion, and history, as well as a wider readership with an interest in the study of space and mobility.


Book
Saints at the limits : seven Byzantine popular legends
Author:
ISBN: 9780674290792 0674290798 Year: 2023 Publisher: Cambridge, Massachusetts Harvard University Press

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"The texts in this volume Passion of Boniphatos; Life of the Man of God, Alexios; Life of Markos the Athenian; Life of Makarios the Roman; Passion of Christopher; George, the Great Martyr, which includes the Passion of George and also the Miracles of George ; Passion of Niketas were never gathered together in a single collection in Byzantium. The connecting threads, however, that unite these popular legends are multiple. All of them, often with cross-references and in mutual influence, tell stories that configure various dimensions of the "limits" as experienced or conceived in Byzantium: the borders, that is, which separated cultural insiders from outsiders. These borders take, as we shall see, different forms, designating the powerful and the outcasts, the real and the imaginary, the human and the beyond human. They also point to a spectacular reversal of expectations, since what stands at first glance outside borders is projected as the ideal. The stories, with their interlocking themes, will speak for themselves to the modern reader. Yet the texts were to some extent linked also in Byzantine ritual culture and in their textual forms and modes of transmission. In short, they are connected by the usually low-register Greek in which they are told; by the manuscripts (often provincial and usually liturgical in which they were transmitted, sometimes in proximity with one another and other similar legends; and by the implied suspicion or straightforward rejection that they often received from those promoting official orthodoxy. All these texts thus gesture toward what we sometimes call the "apocryphal," as opposed to canonical, Christian traditions, and the "popular," as opposed to more learned, religious expression"--


Book
Moines, saints et hérétiques dans l'Éthiopie médiévale : les disciples d'Ēwostātēwos et l'invention d'un mouvement monastique hétérodoxe, XIVe-milieu du XVe siècle
Author:
ISBN: 9782728315734 2728315736 2728315744 Year: 2023 Publisher: [Rome]: École française de Rome,

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Au début du XIVe siècle, au nord du royaume chrétien d’Éthiopie, le moine Ēwosṭātēwos fut à l’origine d’un mouvement monastique dissident, fondé sur la stricte observance des deux sabbats, samedi et dimanche. Une telle doctrine était jugée hérétique par le souverain et le métropolite égyptien, qui dirigeait l’Église éthiopienne. Les disciples d’Ēwosṭātēwos, les eustathéens, furent mis alors au ban de la société chrétienne. Malgré les violentes persécutions, les moines établirent de puissantes communautés dès la moitié du XIVe siècle, contribuant à la large diffusion de leurs idées et au culte de leurs saints fondateurs.Cet ouvrage cherche à la fois à comprendre l’expansion paradoxale des premières communautés eustathéennes et les significations de l’hétérodoxie dans la société éthiopienne médiévale. Grâce à l’analyse des récits hagiographiques et des archives croisée à des enquêtes de terrain, cette étude montre que les eustathéens ont su mobiliser de multiples stratégies pour implanter durablement leurs communautés et mettre en scène leur histoire et leur mémoire.

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