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"This book examines the impacts of land tenure reform interventions implemented in Benin, Ethiopia, Rwanda, and Zimbabwe. Since 2000, many African countries have introduced programs aimed at providing smallholder farmers with low-cost certificates for land held under customary tenure. Yet there are many contending views and debates on the impact of these land policies and this book reveals how tenure security, agricultural productivity and social inclusion were affected by the interventions. It analyses the results of carefully selected, authoritative studies on interventions in Benin, Ethiopia, Rwanda, and Zimbabwe and applies a realist synthesis methodology to explore the socio-political and economic contexts. Drawing on these results, the book argues that inadequate attention paid to the core characteristics of rural social systems obscures the benefits of customary tenure while overlooking the scope for reforms to reduce the gaps in social status among members of customary communities. The book will be of great interest to students and scholars of land management and use, land and property law, tenure security, agrarian studies, political economy and sustainable development. It will also appeal to development professionals and policymakers involved in land governance and land policy in Africa"-- Provided by publisher.

Land reform --- Agrarian reform --- Economic policy --- Land use, Rural --- Social policy --- Agriculture and state

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Undermining the State from Within pulls back the curtain on the counterinsurgent state to better understand how conflict dynamics affect state institutions and continue to shape political and economic development in the postwar period. Drawing on unique archival and interview data from war and postwar Central America, this book illuminates how counterinsurgent actors, under the pretext of combatting an insurgent threat, introduce alternative rules within state institutions, which undermine core activities like tax collection, public security provision, and property administration. Moreover, it uncovers how the counterinsurgent elite outmaneuvers governance reforms during democratic transition and peacebuilding to preserve the predatory wartime status quo. In so doing, this book rethinks the relationship between war and state formation, challenges existing scholarly and policy approaches to peacebuilding and post-conflict institutional reform and contributes a new understanding of what civil war leaves behind in an institutional sense.

Civil war --- Counterinsurgency --- Political corruption --- Extrajudicial executions --- Land reform --- History. --- Corrupt practices --- Central America --- Politics and government --- Agrarian reform --- Economic policy --- Land use, Rural --- Social policy --- Agriculture and state --- Extra-judicial executions --- Extra-legal executions --- Extrajudicial killings --- Extralegal executions --- Killings, Extrajudicial --- Summary executions --- Executions and executioners --- Political atrocities --- Boss rule --- Corruption (in politics) --- Graft in politics --- Malversation --- Political scandals --- Politics, Practical --- Corruption --- Misconduct in office --- Counterguerrilla warfare --- Guerrilla warfare --- Insurgency --- Civil wars --- Intra-state war --- Rebellions --- Government, Resistance to --- International law --- Revolutions --- War --- Mercado Común Centroamericano countries