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"Javier Puente studies rural political organization and how it intersects with the environment in Peru over the course of nearly a full century (he ends in 1990, just as Alberto Fujimori becomes president and leads an intensely brutal and ultimately successful military force against the Shining Path and MRTA rebels). Puente is particularly interested in understanding the surprising and overlooked ways that Peru as a nation-state was formed, not just in the capital of Lima but also in the countryside. Puente focuses on the role of land, sheep, and campenización, the process by which agrarian reform radically alters social relations of production in the countryside, to help scholars understand how policy, politics, and social turmoil shaped the rural, mountainous regions of Peru. He considers the ways these regions were, by the standards of the early twentieth century, relatively profitable places despite their physical remoteness and lack of industry and how the local communities negotiated control of their economies after increasing interest from the federal state. He continues through the twentieth century as these struggles between national and regional forces come into sharper focus, with a growing backdrop of violent unrest as the Shining Path and other groups find different methods for challenging the national agenda"--

Agriculture and state --- Indigenous peoples --- Land reform --- History --- Politics and government --- Social aspects --- Sierra (Peru) --- Peru --- Economic policy --- Latin American History, Andean History, Peruvian History, Rural History, Agrarian History, Environmental History, Agrarian Reform, Political Violence, Agrarian Conflict, Rural Conflict, Revolutions, Peasant Politics. --- 1900-1999

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Undermining the State from Within pulls back the curtain on the counterinsurgent state to better understand how conflict dynamics affect state institutions and continue to shape political and economic development in the postwar period. Drawing on unique archival and interview data from war and postwar Central America, this book illuminates how counterinsurgent actors, under the pretext of combatting an insurgent threat, introduce alternative rules within state institutions, which undermine core activities like tax collection, public security provision, and property administration. Moreover, it uncovers how the counterinsurgent elite outmaneuvers governance reforms during democratic transition and peacebuilding to preserve the predatory wartime status quo. In so doing, this book rethinks the relationship between war and state formation, challenges existing scholarly and policy approaches to peacebuilding and post-conflict institutional reform and contributes a new understanding of what civil war leaves behind in an institutional sense.

Civil war --- Counterinsurgency --- Political corruption --- Extrajudicial executions --- Land reform --- History. --- Corrupt practices --- Central America --- Politics and government --- Agrarian reform --- Economic policy --- Land use, Rural --- Social policy --- Agriculture and state --- Extra-judicial executions --- Extra-legal executions --- Extrajudicial killings --- Extralegal executions --- Killings, Extrajudicial --- Summary executions --- Executions and executioners --- Political atrocities --- Boss rule --- Corruption (in politics) --- Graft in politics --- Malversation --- Political scandals --- Politics, Practical --- Corruption --- Misconduct in office --- Counterguerrilla warfare --- Guerrilla warfare --- Insurgency --- Civil wars --- Intra-state war --- Rebellions --- Government, Resistance to --- International law --- Revolutions --- War --- Mercado Común Centroamericano countries