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This book explores simple chemical methods for thin film deposition with diverse nanostructured morphology and their applications. Unlike top-down techniques, chemical methods offer low cost, simplicity, and growth of nanostructured surface architecture with ease of small to large-scale area deposition. The book primarily focuses on innovative twelve chemical methods for thin-film deposition on one platform. Since each method has its own advantages and disadvantages, it is crucial to select the specific method for specific material to be deposited depending upon what type of application is targeted. Due to inclusive of diverse chemical deposition methods, researcher will have knowledge about best choice of the deposition method to be adopted. Inclusive methods discussed in the book are chemical bath deposition, successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction, ion exchange, electroless deposition, electrodeposition, hydrothermal, spray pyrolysis, spin coating, dip coating, doctor blade, screen printing, and sol-gel.The selection of the correct procedure for material to be deposited in thin film form depends on its unique process parameters based on the kind of application and its requirement. The role of preparative factors necessary for thin film alters properties related to structure and surface morphology, electrical conductivity and optical band gap which have been extensively discussed along with the underlying science of film synthesis. The book provides a comprehensive overview of the field of chemical methods for thin film synthesis to applications. In addition to synthesis, the book covers characterization, instrumentation, and industrial application of thin films. As a result, targeted methods will be of great interest to university/college professors, students and new engineers as well as postdocs and scientists.
Ions. --- Nanoscience. --- Molecules. --- Low- and highly-charged ions. --- Nanophysics. --- Bio- and Macromolecules. --- Nano science --- Nanoscale science --- Nanosciences --- Science --- Intermediates (Chemistry) --- Matter --- Physics --- Solution (Chemistry) --- Electrolysis --- Electrons --- Properties
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Advanced Applications of Ionic Liquids discusses the intersection of nanotechnology with ionic liquids (ILs) and materials, along with opportunities for advanced engineering applications in various research fields. Novel materials at nano scales with ILs creates an upsurge in the thermal and electrochemical constancy of the nano scale particles, making them ideal for industrial applications. The implementation of ILs at nano scale includes an interaction of constituents, which is beneficial for electron transfer reactions. These new composites can be implemented as sensors, electronics, catalysts and photonics. Including ILs in polymer composites enhance electrochemical consistency, govern particle size, upsurge conductivity, reduce toxicity, and more.
Ionic solutions. --- Nanotechnology. --- Molecular technology --- Nanoscale technology --- High technology --- Solutions, Ionic --- Ions --- Solution (Chemistry) --- Ionic solutions --- Industrial applications.
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Electrons. --- Corpuscular theory of matter --- Atoms --- Leptons (Nuclear physics) --- Matter --- Particles (Nuclear physics) --- Cathode rays --- Ions --- Positrons --- Constitution
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Advances in Synthesis Gas: Methods, Technologies and Applications: Syngas Production and Preparation is a collection of various chapters concerning many aspects of syngas production technologies, including common methods like gasification, steam/dry/autothermal reforming, membrane technology, etc., along with novel methods like plasma technology, micro-reactors, electrolysis processes as well as photocatalytic systems. In addition, different sources for producing syngas, including oil, crude oil, heavy oil, microalgae, black liquor, tar and bitumen, as well as municipal, agricultural, food, plastic, wood and cardboard wastes are described in detail.
Synthesis gas. --- Electrolysis. --- Pyrolysis. --- Chemical reactions --- Analytical chemistry --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Electrochemistry --- Solution (Chemistry) --- Ions --- Syngas --- Carbon monoxide --- Fuel --- Hydrogen --- Water-gas
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The aim of this text is to provide the reader with a coherent and updated comprehensive treatise on the field of atomic physics in hot plasmas, that can be used both for tutorial and professional purposes.
Atoms. --- High temperature plasmas. --- Ions. --- Plasma spectroscopy. --- Plasma (Ionized gases) --- Spectroscopy, Plasma --- Spectrum analysis --- Intermediates (Chemistry) --- Matter --- Physics --- Solution (Chemistry) --- Electrolysis --- Electrons --- Hot plasmas --- Plasmas, High temperature --- Gases at high temperatures --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Stereochemistry --- Spectra --- Properties --- Constitution
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Ions, their transport across membranes, and their flow through specialized ion channels are central to the understanding of brain function - normal and pathological. This text explores them fully for medical practitioners in the neurosciences.
Brain --- Epilepsy --- Cerebrovascular disease --- Ion channels. --- Neurochemistry. --- Neural transmission. --- Nerve transmission --- Nervous transmission --- Neurotransmission --- Synaptic transmission --- Transmission of nerve impulses --- Neural circuitry --- Neurophysiology --- Neurotransmitters --- Biochemistry --- Neurosciences --- Channels, Ion --- Biological transport, Active --- Ion-permeable membranes --- Membrane proteins --- Apoplexy --- Cerebral circulation disorders --- Cerebral vascular accident --- Cerebrovascular accident --- Cerebrovascular disorders --- Cerebrovascular syndrome --- CVA (Disease) --- Stroke --- Neglect (Neurology) --- Developmental disabilities --- Convulsions --- Spasms --- Cerebrum --- Mind --- Central nervous system --- Head --- Pathophysiology. --- Blood-vessels --- Diseases --- Brain Diseases --- Ions --- Neurotransmission. --- physiopathology. --- metabolism.
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