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Toleration. --- General ethics --- Virtues --- Discrimination --- Bigotry --- Intolerance --- Tolerance

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Maintaining an Orderly Society in the Age of Revolution: Religious Toleration in the Habsburg Empire, 1792-1848 covers the tumultuous period in the Habsburg Empire from Joseph II's failed reforms through the Revolutions of 1848, documenting the ongoing struggle between religious activism and civil peace. In the name of stability, the Habsburg Empire sidelined Catholic activists and promoted religious toleration during this era in which Austria was an international symbol of conservatism and other states engaged in strident confessional politics. Austria's well-known fear of disorder and revolution in this notoriously conservative regime extended to Catholics, and the state utilized the censors and police to institutionalize religious toleration, which it viewed as essential to law and order, and to tame religious passions, which officials feared could mobilize public opinion in unpredictable directions. The state's growing use of police power had wide-reaching consequences for refugees, women, and empire-building. By the end of the nineteenth century, the Habsburg Empire would become known as a multinational and multicultural state, but this toleration was the product of the infamously conservative and rigid regime that ruled Austria in the decades after the French Revolution and until the Revolutions of 1848. While the Habsburgs typically are associated with Catholicism, 1780 to 1848 marked the only era in which the Habsburgs tried to disassociate themselves politically from Catholicism. Though civil peace and religious toleration eventually became the norm, this book documents the decades of heavy-handed state efforts to get there.

Religious tolerance --- History --- Habsburg, House of. --- Austria --- Religion

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Allergies are a significant health issue, yet few books exist on allergen tolerance of separation; here the author classifies allergen tolerance breakdown in specific types, according to the possibility that the autonomic breakdown of allergen tolerance in the unified airway depends on a deficit of pro-tolerogenic neurotransmitters at the local level. This paradigm, which explains the pathogenesis of allergic disorders, opens to new approaches to allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT). While focusing on the new atopic disorders of the unified airway, such as local allergic rhinitis, "dual" allergic rhinitis, local allergic asthma, and local allergic conjunctivitis, the work combines clinical examples of allergic diseases and their treatment with their immunological background. The topics range from the specific immune-derived maintenance of allergen tolerance and the role of the neuroimmune network in allergic inflammation to conventional atopic diseases and more particular issues of local atopic disorders in the unified airway, oral tolerance, and its breakdown, and its translation in genitourinary aspects of allergic inflammation. Specific chapters are also devoted to allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) and anti-allergy treatments. Thought for upper graduate students, it will also be a valued resource for allergy practitioners, pulmonologists, ENT specialists, pediatricians, and translational researchers, Textbook of Allergen Tolerance includes classical didactic features such as abstracts, keywords, background notes, discussion points, and Q&A., as well as 20 audio files Text-to-Speech for the visually impaired, and 10 video to support the readers. .

Allergens. --- Immunological tolerance. --- Immune tolerance --- Tolerance, Immunological --- Immune response --- Immunology --- Histocompatibility --- Transplantation immunology --- Antigens --- Allergy. --- Immunology. --- Allergology. --- Immunobiology --- Life sciences --- Serology --- Allergic diseases --- Allergies --- Hypersensitivity --- Hypersensitivity, Immediate --- Immediate allergy --- Immediate hypersensitivity --- Immunologic diseases --- Immunoglobulin E

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La toxicomanie est fortement causée par des adaptations neuro-comportementales durables dues à l'exposition répétée à une drogue. Certaines de ces adaptations conduisent à une augmentation des réponses comportementales à cette même drogue. Ce phénomène est appelé « sensibilisation comportementale » ou « tolérance inverse ». À l’opposée, d’autres adaptations conduisent à une diminution des réponses comportementales. Ce phénomène est appelé « tolérance comportementale ». La sensibilisation comportementale est un concept clé dans la théorie contemporaine de la toxicomanie et de l'alcoolisme et pourrait expliquer le passage d'un état de consommation modérée d'alcool à un syndrome alcoolique. La sensibilisation et la tolérance à l’alcool sont particulièrement liées aux conditions de l’environnement. Les conditions environnementales enrichies/appauvries, en particulier pendant l’enfance et l’adolescence, sont largement considérées comme les principaux facteurs influençant le développement de l’alcoolisme. La présente étude vise à examiner les effets préventifs de différentes conditions de logement sur la sensibilisation et la tolérance comportementale induite par une exposition chronique à l’éthanol chez la souris. La modalité sociale (différents hébergement sociaux ou isolement) et psychomotrice (exercice physique avec roue d’activité motrice) seront investiguées Drug addiction is strongly caused by sustainable neurobehavioural adaptations due to repeated exposure to a drug. Some of these adaptations lead to an increase behavioural response to the same drug. This phenomenon is called "behavioural sensitisation" or "reverse tolerance". In contrast, other adaptations lead to a decrease in behavioural responses. This phenomenon is called "behavioural tolerance". Behavioural sensitization is a key concept in contemporary drug and alcohol theory and may explain the transition from moderate drinking to an alcohol syndrome. Alcohol sensitization and tolerance are particularly related to environmental conditions. Enriched/dappoverished environmental conditions, especially during childhood and adolescence, are widely considered to be the main factors influencing the development of alcoholism. The present study aimed to examine the preventive effects of different housing conditions on sensitization and behavioural tolerance induced by chronic ethanol exposure in mice. The social (different social accommodation or isolation) and psychomotor (physical exercise with running wheel) modality will be investigated.

environmental enrichment --- behavioral sensitization --- tolerance --- addictive effects --- alcohol --- Sciences sociales & comportementales, psychologie > Neurosciences & comportement

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In 1945, Sukarno declared that the new Indonesian republic would be grounded on monotheism, while also insisting that the new nation would protect diverse religious practice. This book explores how the state, civil society groups and individual Indonesians have experienced the attempted integration of minority and majority religious practices and faiths across the archipelagic state over the more than half century since Pancasila.

Religious pluralism --- Religious tolerance --- Pancasila --- Religion and state --- Religions --- History --- Relations --- Indonesia --- Religion