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"A major new history of how, between 1965 and 1985, African nations sought the restitution of works of art stolen during the colonial period, written by the most important and influential figure in the field"-- For decades, African nations have fought for the return of countless works of art stolen during the colonial era and placed in Western museums. In Africa’s Struggle for Its Art, Bénédicte Savoy brings to light this largely unknown but deeply important history. One of the world’s foremost experts on restitution and cultural heritage, Savoy investigates extensive, previously unpublished sources to reveal that the roots of the struggle extend much further back than prominent recent debates indicate, and that these efforts were covered up by myriad opponents.Shortly after 1960, when eighteen former colonies in Africa gained independence, a movement to pursue repatriation was spearheaded by African intellectual and political classes. Savoy looks at pivotal events, including the watershed speech delivered at the UN General Assembly by Zaire’s president, Mobutu Sese Seko, which started the debate regarding restitution of colonial-era assets and resulted in the first UN resolution on the subject. She examines how German museums tried to withhold information about their inventory and how the British Parliament failed to pass a proposed amendment to the British Museum Act, which protected the country’s collections. Savoy concludes in the mid-1980s, when African nations enacted the first laws focusing on the protection of their cultural heritage.Making the case for why restitution is essential to any future relationship between African countries and the West, Africa’s Struggle for Its Art will shape conversations around these crucial issues for years to come.

Art, African. --- Cultural property --- Museums --- Protection --- History --- Protection. --- Repatriation --- Repatriation. --- Acquisitions --- Acquisitions. --- 1900-1999. --- Africa. --- Europe.

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Derrière les objets issus des guerres coloniales que nous admirons dans les musées se trouve une histoire violente, il est temps de l’écouter. 1890 : un colonel français entre dans Ségou, ville d’Afrique de l’Ouest, et s’empare d’un trésor. Parmi les objets du butin, des bijoux et un sabre. Alors que le Sénégal réclame la restitution du sabre depuis des décennies, symbole de sa mémoire collective, la France peine à répondre, prise dans un carcan idéologique et juridique. Ironie du sort, les bijoux ont, eux, été perdus, oubliés ou volés. Partie sur les traces de ce trésor, T. Tervonen découvre une histoire coloniale violente dont les objets sont les témoins silencieux, une histoire dont nous resterons prisonniers tant qu’elle ne sera pas racontée.

Cultural property --- Cultural property --- Art, African. --- Colonies --- Repatriation

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Growing numbers of people are displaced by war and violent conflict. In Afghanistan, Ethiopia, Myanmar, Syria, and elsewhere violence pushes civilian populations from their homes and sometimes from their countries, making them refugees. In previous decades, millions of refugees and displaced people returned to their place of origin after conflict or were resettled in countries in the Global North. Now displacements last longer, the number of people returning home is lower, and opportunities for resettlement are shrinking. More and more people spend decades in refugee camps or displaced within their own countries, raising their children away from their home communities and cultures. In this context, international policies encourage return to place of origin.

Return migration --- Return migrants --- Repatriation --- Refugees --- Land settlement --- Postwar reconstruction --- Peace-building --- War --- Termination --- Social aspects --- Developing countries --- Emigration and immigration.

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During his reign, Joseph Stalin oversaw the forced resettlement of people by the millions – a maniacal passion that he used for social engineering. The Soviets were not the first to thrust resettlement on its population – a major characteristic of totalitarian systems – but in terms of sheer numbers, technologies used to deport people and the lawlessness which accompanied it, Stalin’s process was the most notable. Six million people of different social, ethnic, and professions were resettled before Stalin's death. Even today, the aftermath of such deportations largely predetermines events which take place in the northern Caucasus, Crimea, the Baltic republics, Moldavia, and western Ukraine. Polian's volume is the first attempt to comprehensively examine the history of forced and semi-voluntary population movements within or organized by the Soviet Union. Contents range from the early 1920s to the rehabilitation of repressed nationalities in the 1990s, dealing with internal (kulaks, ethnic and political deportations) and international forced migrations (German internees and occupied territories). An abundance of facts, figures, tables, maps, and an exhaustively-detailed annex will serve as important sources for further researches.

Migration, Internal --- Forced migration --- Political persecution --- Deportation --- World War, 1939-1945 --- History. --- Forced repatriation. --- Expulsion --- Cleansing, Ethnic --- Compulsory resettlement --- Ethnic cleansing --- Ethnic purification --- Involuntary resettlement --- Migration, Forced --- Purification, Ethnic --- Relocation, Forced --- Resettlement, Involuntary --- Internal migration --- Mobility --- Law and legislation --- Emigration and immigration law --- Asylum, Right of --- Extradition --- Refoulement --- Population geography --- Internal migrants --- Prisoners and prisons --- Refugees --- Forced repatriation --- History --- E-books --- Migration intérieure --- Migration forcée --- Persécutions politiques --- Déportation --- 2ème guerre mondiale --- Rapatriement forcé --- Communism, Deportation, Forced migrations, Forced repatriation, Political violence, World War II.

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A central question in the debate on justice in immigration is whether immigrants have a right to stay; this book argues that liberal-democratic receiving states should also grant migrants a right not to stay.

Emigration and immigration --- Return migration --- Emigration and immigration law. --- Politics and Government. --- Politics & government. --- Government policy. --- Immigrants --- Immigration law --- Law, Emigration --- Law, Immigration --- International travel regulations --- Migration, Return --- Repatriation --- Law and legislation --- Legal status, laws, etc.