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Quantum entanglement. --- Condensed matter. --- Condensed materials --- Condensed media --- Condensed phase --- Materials, Condensed --- Media, Condensed --- Phase, Condensed --- Liquids --- Matter --- Solids --- Entangled states (Quantum theory) --- Quantum theory --- Entanglement (Quantum theory)

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The thematic range of this book is wide and can loosely be described as polydispersive. Figuratively, it resembles a polynuclear path of yielding (poly)crystals. Such path can be taken when looking at it from the first side. However, a closer inspection of the book’s contents gives rise to a much more monodispersive/single-crystal and compacted (than crudely expected) picture of the book’s contents presented to a potential reader. Namely, all contributions collected can be united under the common denominator of maximum-entropy and entropy production principles experienced by both classical and quantum systems in (non)equilibrium conditions. The proposed order of presenting the material commences with properly subordinated classical systems (seven contributions) and ends up with three remaining quantum systems, presented by the chapters’ authors. The overarching editorial makes the presentation of the wide-range material self-contained and compact, irrespective of whether comprehending it from classical or quantum physical viewpoints.

Research & information: general --- Physics --- multistability --- ergodicity --- Brownian motion --- tilted periodic potential --- Lévy noise --- nonequilibrium thermodynamics --- active particles --- entropy production --- dissipative structures --- quantum entanglement --- linear entropy --- coherence --- purity of states --- concurrence --- three-qubit systems --- quantum graphs --- microwave networks --- Euler characteristic --- Neumann and Dirichlet boundary conditions --- II law of thermodynamics --- Carnot principle --- Kelvin principle --- Ostwald principle --- perpetuum mobile type III --- Clausius I and II principles --- formal implication --- model theory --- spherulites --- (poly)crystal formation --- complex growing phenomenon --- soft condensed matter --- physical kinetics --- anticoherence --- entanglement --- nonlinear systems --- human serum albumin --- hyaluronan --- conformational entropy --- dihedral angles --- frequency distribution --- epidemy --- compartmental models --- computer simulation --- SARS-CoV-2-like disease spreading --- chemical computing --- network --- oscillators --- top-down design --- Oregonator model --- Japanese flag problem --- n/a --- Lévy noise

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The growth of data-driven technologies, 5G, and the Internet place enormous pressure on underlying information infrastructure. There exist numerous proposals on how to deal with the possible capacity crunch. However, the security of both optical and wireless networks lags behind reliable and spectrally efficient transmission. Significant achievements have been made recently in the quantum computing arena. Because most conventional cryptography systems rely on computational security, which guarantees the security against an efficient eavesdropper for a limited time, with the advancement in quantum computing this security can be compromised. To solve these problems, various schemes providing perfect/unconditional security have been proposed including physical-layer security (PLS), quantum key distribution (QKD), and post-quantum cryptography. Unfortunately, it is still not clear how to integrate those different proposals with higher level cryptography schemes. So the purpose of the Special Issue entitled “Physical-Layer Security, Quantum Key Distribution and Post-quantum Cryptography” was to integrate these various approaches and enable the next generation of cryptography systems whose security cannot be broken by quantum computers. This book represents the reprint of the papers accepted for publication in the Special Issue.

continuous-variable quantum key distribution --- measurement device independent --- zero-photon catalysis --- underwater channel --- quantum key distribution (QKD) --- discrete variable (DV)-QKD --- continuous variable (CV)-QKD --- postquantum cryptography (PQC) --- quantum communications networks (QCNs) --- quantum communications --- entanglement --- surface codes --- quantum cryptography --- quantum key distribution --- quantum network --- measurement-device-independent --- mean-king’s problem --- mean multi-kings’ problem --- information disturbance theorem --- QKD --- distillation --- amplification --- reconciliation --- quantum identity authentication --- private equality tests --- conclusive exclusion --- single-photon mode --- synchronization --- algorithm --- detection probability --- vulnerability --- twin-field quantum key distribution --- phase-matching --- discrete phase randomization --- intrinsic bit error rate --- the Bernstein-Vazirani algorithm --- EPR pairs --- quantum entanglement --- quantum information theory --- geometrical optics restricted eavesdropping --- secret key distillation --- satellite-to-satellite --- physical layer security --- secret key generation --- injection attacks --- jamming attacks --- pilot randomization --- clock synchronization --- Bayesian statistics --- oblivious transfer --- post-quantum cryptography --- universal composability --- n/a --- mean-king's problem --- mean multi-kings' problem

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This Special Issue celebrates the opening of a new section of the journal Foundation: Physical Sciences. Theoretical and experimental studies related to various areas of fundamental physics are presented in this Special Issue. The published papers are related to the following topics: dark matter, electron impact excitation, second flavor of hydrogen atoms, quantum antenna, molecular hydrogen, molecular hydrogen ion, wave pulses, Brans-Dicke theory, hydrogen Rydberg atom, high-frequency laser field, relativistic mean field formalism, nonlocal continuum field theories, parallel universe, charge exchange, van der Waals broadening, greenhouse effect, strange and unipolar electromagnetic pulses, quasicrystals, Wilhelm-Weber’s electromagnetic force law, axions, photoluminescence, neutron stars, gravitational waves, diatomic molecular spectroscopy, information geometric measures of complexity. Among 21 papers published in this Special Issue, there are 5 reviews and 16 original research papers.

Research & information: general --- Physics --- information geometry --- complexity --- classical and quantum physics --- self-simulation hypothesis --- principle of efficient language --- quasicrystals --- empires --- game of life --- emergence --- state sum models --- space–time couplings --- spatiotemporal --- ultrafast optics --- unipolar pulses --- few cycle pulses --- line-by-line --- greenhouse effect --- radiative fluxes --- thermal emission --- spectroscopy --- stark broadening --- atomic physics --- foundations of quantum mechanics --- molecular spectroscopy --- diatomic molecules --- symmetry transformations --- optical emission spectroscopy --- astrophysics --- neutron stars --- nuclear equation of state --- gravitational waves --- speed of sound --- tidal polarizability --- charge exchange --- second flavor of hydrogen atoms --- dark matter --- stark effect --- parallel universes --- multiverse --- preferred direction in the universe --- bulk flow --- four spatial dimensions --- nonlocal metamaterials --- multiscale structures --- fiber bundles --- superspace --- mathematical methods --- mathematical physics --- nonlocal continuum field theory --- semiconductor materials --- preformed cluster decay --- relativistic mean-field --- alpha-particle clustering --- neck-length --- hydrogenic atoms --- high-frequency laser field --- relativistic precession --- laser-controlled precession --- cosmological constant --- generalised Brans-Dicke theory --- Big Rip --- photoluminescence --- dispersive media --- axion --- space-time couplings --- bipolar pulses --- few-cycle pulses --- free-space wave equation --- space-time wave packets --- nondiffracting localized waves --- molecular hydrogen ion --- proton collisions --- molecular spectral bands --- quantum antennas --- quantum field theory --- relativistic quantum mechanics --- quantum radiation --- propagator --- Green’s function --- quantum engineering --- quantum technologies --- radiation pattern --- electron impact excitation of hydrogen atoms --- discrepancy between theories and experiments --- electron impact excitation of hydrogen molecules --- quantum mechanics --- particle–wave duality --- quantum jump --- quantum entanglement --- Weber’s electrodynamics --- Weber force --- field theory --- electromagnetism --- electrodynamics --- physics of elementary particles and fields --- magnetic field --- electric field --- electrical engineering --- fundamental physics