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This Element argues that Ireland did not experience a disenchanted modernity, nor a decline in magic. It suggests that beliefs, practices and traditions concerning witchcraft and magic developed and adapted to modernity to retain cultural currency until the end of the twentieth century. This analysis provides the backdrop for the first systematic exploration of how historic Irish trials of witches and cunning-folk were represented by historians, antiquarians, journalists, dramatists, poets, and novelists in Ireland between the late eighteenth and late twentieth century. It is demonstrated that this work created an accepted narrative of Irish witchcraft and magic which glossed over, ignored, or obscured the depth of belief in witchcraft, both in the past and in contemporary society. Collectively, their work gendered Irish witchcraft, created a myth of a disenchanted, modern Ireland, and reinforced competing views of Irishness and Irish identity. These long-held stereotypes were only challenged in the late twentieth-century.

English literature --- Witches in literature. --- Magic in literature. --- Witchcraft in literature. --- Magic --- Witchcraft --- Irish authors --- History and criticism. --- History. --- Occultism --- Wicca --- Black art (Witchcraft) --- Sorcery --- Magick --- Necromancy --- Spells

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By studying intersections among new cults of wealth, ritually empowered amulets and professional spirit mediumship - which have emerged together in Thailand's dynamic religious field in recent decades - Capitalism Magic Thailand explores the conditions under which global modernity produces new varieties of enchantment. Bruno Latour's account of modernity as a condition fractured between rationalizing ideology and hybridizing practice is expanded to explain the apparent paradox of new forms of magical ritual emerging alongside religious fundamentalism across a wide range of Asian societies. In Thailand, novel and increasingly popular varieties of ritual now form a symbolic complex in which originally distinct cults centred on Indian deities, Chinese gods and Thai religious and royal figures have merged in commercial spaces and media sites to sacralize the market and wealth production. Emerging within popular culture, this complex of cults of wealth, amulets and spirit mediumship is supported by all levels of Thai society, including those at the acme of economic and political power. New theoretical frameworks are presented in analyses that challenge the view that magic is a residue of premodernity, placing the dramatic transformations of cultic ritual centre stage in modern Thai history. It is concluded that modern enchantment arises at the confluence of three processes: neoliberal capitalism's production of occult economies, the auraticizing effects of technologies of mass mediatization, and the performative force of ritual in religious fields where practice takes precedence over doctrine.

Magic --- Wealth --- Cults --- Economic aspects --- Religious aspects. --- Alternative religious movements --- Cult --- Cultus --- Marginal religious movements --- New religions --- New religious movements --- NRMs (Religion) --- Religious movements, Alternative --- Religious movements, Marginal --- Religious movements, New --- Religions --- Sects --- Affluence --- Distribution of wealth --- Fortunes --- Riches --- Business --- Economics --- Finance --- Capital --- Money --- Property --- Well-being --- Magick --- Necromancy --- Sorcery --- Spells --- Occultism

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"In her time, Maria Theresa (1717-1780) was the most powerful woman in the world. She ruled the Habsburg Empire from 1740-1780, an era when empires dominated Europe. She was the sovereign of a vast empire, ruling Austria, Hungary, Croatia, Bohemia, Transylvania, Flanders, and other Habsburg territories, and by marriage she was, among other titles, the Holy Roman Empress. Maria Theresa began her reign at the age of 23 after her father, Emperor Charles VI, died. Immediately after his death, her right to inherit the throne was challenged by most of the sovereign rulers of Europe. Despite setbacks such as the loss of Silesia, her richest province, to her life-long enemy Frederick II of Prussia, Maria Theresa proved to be a highly effective ruler. She initiated financial and educational reforms, promoted commerce, and reorganized the army, all of which strengthened Austria's resources. She was a key figure in the power politics of eighteenth-century Europe and she brought unity to the Habsburg Monarchy and was considered one of its most capable leaders. Maria Theresa and her husband Francis I also had sixteen children, most famously Marie Antoinette. Stollberg-Rilinger's biography challenges many of the myths that surround Maria Theresa's reign, such as that she came to the throne completely naïve and unprepared. Stollberg-Rilinger shows that from early childhood on, Maria Theresa carefully observed what went on in court and how her father acted as a monarch dealing with sovereigns across Europe. She clears away the gendered misconceptions surrounding Maria Theresa's life and, through fresh, critical readings of the source material, reveals the historical reality. She also refutes anachronistic narratives that assume a false continuity between Maria Theresa's time and later periods. Unlike previous biographers, Stollberg-Rilinger is able to paint a detailed portrait of Maria Theresa as Empress, "king," and reformer, and as a mother and master manipulator, by reconstructing the world in which the Austrian Empress lived and reigned"--

Maria Theresa [Archduchess of Austria] --- Maria Theresa, --- Maria Theresia --- Marie-Therèse --- Marii︠a︡ Terezii︠a︡, --- Maria Theresia, --- Maria Teresa, --- Mária Terézia, --- Austria --- History --- Kings and rulers --- HISTORY / Europe / Austria & Hungary. --- Adviser. --- Anschluss. --- Apathy. --- Archduke. --- Aristocracy. --- Aulic Council. --- Cabinet noir. --- Censorship. --- Civilian. --- Clementia. --- Consummation. --- Court painter. --- Courtesy. --- Courtier. --- Criticism. --- Deportation. --- Despotism. --- Dissolution of the Monasteries. --- Distrust. --- Edict of toleration. --- Edict. --- Education. --- Egocentrism. --- Elector of Mainz. --- Electorate of Saxony. --- Excommunication. --- Flattery. --- Foot the bill. --- Formality. --- Giacomo Casanova. --- God. --- Godparent. --- Grandee. --- Great power. --- Heresy. --- Hofburg Palace. --- Holy Roman Empire. --- House of Bourbon. --- House of Habsburg. --- House of Wittelsbach. --- Hypocrisy. --- Imperial Diet (Holy Roman Empire). --- Imperial State. --- Imperial Throne (micronation). --- Impossibility. --- Infanticide. --- Jansenism. --- Johann Jakob Moser. --- Johann Joseph Gassner. --- King of the Romans. --- Landgrave. --- Limbo. --- Lord High Steward. --- Louis Philippe I. --- Madame de Pompadour. --- Majesty. --- Maria Amalia of Saxony. --- Maria Carolina of Austria. --- Martin van Meytens. --- Messalina. --- Military Frontier. --- Military Order of Maria Theresa. --- Mirrors for princes. --- Mortal Fear (novel). --- Mourning. --- Narcissism. --- Necromancy. --- Nobility. --- Oppression. --- Partitions of Poland. --- Peasant. --- Perfidious Albion. --- Persecution. --- Piety. --- Politique. --- Pope Benedict XIV. --- Potentate. --- Prince-bishop. --- Prince-elector. --- Protestantism. --- Prussia. --- Reichskrieg. --- Religion. --- Ridicule. --- Ruler. --- Secret treaty. --- Society of Jesus. --- Sovereignty. --- Spanish Netherlands. --- Spoils system. --- Superiority (short story). --- Suppression of the Society of Jesus. --- The Other Hand. --- Tsarina. --- War of succession. --- War of the Austrian Succession. --- War of the Polish Succession. --- War. --- Warfare. --- Writing. --- Austria-History-Maria Theresa, 1740-1780. --- Austria-Kings and rulers-Biography. --- Maria Theresa,-Empress of Austria,-1717-1780.