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This in-depth review of the energy policies of Kazakhstan follows the same format used by the International Energy Agency (IEA) to review member countries. It was conducted under the auspices of the EU4Energy programme, which is being implemented by the IEA and the European Union, along with the Energy Community Secretariat and the Energy Charter Secretariat. Kazakhstan has made ambitious commitments to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and increase the role of renewables in its energy supply, but dependence on large reserves of inexpensive domestic coal and a lack of flexible generating capacity make these a challenge. Oil continues to provide much of the country's export earnings and government revenue, while many oil-importing countries have pledged to reduce consumption of fossil fuels, and most oil exports currently transit the Russian Federation. Low domestic energy prices are a social priority for the government, but have made it difficult to promote energy efficiency and stimulate commercial production of gas for the domestic market. This report assesses the energy sector and related challenges facing Kazakhstan and proposes policy recommendations to improve sector governance, energy efficiency and security of supply.

Energy --- Kazakhstan

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At the request of the Ministry of Finance (MoF) Republic of Kazakhstan, a technical assistance mission was conducted by the IMF’s Statistics Department (STA) to assist the Kazakhstan authorities in strengthening the compilation and dissemination of government finance statistics (GFS) and public sector debt statistics (PSDS) for decision making and providing data to the Fund for surveillance. The technical mission focused on addressing issues encountered in the annual GFS time series; assisting with the classification of the Problem Loan Fund (PLF) data for their inclusion in GFS; discussing the MoF’s opportunities and limitations in submitting PSDS; and reviewing the procedures for assigning institutional units to the general government sector (GGS) and the public sector (PS) to derive a uniformed public sector institutional table (PSIT) across all macroeconomic statistics.

Kazakhstan, Republic of

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This paper presents Republic of Kazakhstan’s Technical Assistance (TA) report on risk-based supervision recovery plans and interest rate risk. The mission provided recommendations and training to the Agency on the assessment of banks’ recovery plans and interest rate risk in the banking book (IRRBB). The Agency continues to make progress on aligning its prudential regulatory and supervisory frameworks with international standards. The two missions in September 2020 and November 2020 focused on strengthening the Agency’s institutional set up, and on the implementation of certain elements of the Pillar 2 requirements of the Basel Framework. This mission recommended the Agency develop comprehensive regulatory requirements for banks’ recovery plans. The new framework should provide standards that comply with international standards and reflect proportional application to Kazakhstan banks’ systemic risk profile. A short-term follow-up TA can be considered to ensure consistency of the revised regulations with international standards. The mission included six training sessions for supervisors on IRRBB and recovery plans.

Kazakhstan, Republic of

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This virtual technical assistance (TA) mission assisted the Agency in strengthening liquidity elements of its risk-based supervisory framework. The mission focused on supporting the Agency with the development of internal supervisory methodology for the assessment of banks’ ILAAP and setting individual Pillar 2 supervisory liquidity requirements and provided guidance on stress testing and sensitivity analysis through survival horizon analysis. The mission consisted of a combination of presentations, discussions, and trainings, including case studies, and covered the BCBS standards on liquidity risk and other jurisdictions’ approaches for the assessment of ILAAP and the Pillar 2 liquidity supervisory review process. This mission should be seen in the context of previous three IMF TA missions which were held since September 2020.

Kazakhstan, Republic of

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This paper presents stylized facts on financial development in the CCA countries relative to their EM and LIC peers and assesses how financial development can boost growth in the CCA. Drawing on IMF’s multidimensional index of financial development, we find that CCA countries have made progress following the independence in early 1990s. However, the progress was uneven across the CCA, resulting in a divergence of financial development over time and mixed performance relative to EM and LIC peers. Financial institutions have progressed the most, while financial markets remain underdevelped in most CCA countries except Kazakhstan. In terms of sub-indicators of financial development, financial access has expanded markedly, while the depth of financial intermediation has remained largely shallow and efficiency of financial intermediation has fluctuated over time. Standard growth regressions suggest that CCA countries with relatively lower level of financial development have scope to boost annual growth rates between 0.5-2.5 percent by reaching the level of financial development of frontier CCA countries.

Kazakhstan, Republic of