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Urban health. --- World Health Organization.

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Since the 1980s, neoliberals have openly contested the idea that the state should protect the socio-economic well-being of its citizens, making 'privatization' their mantra. Yet, as historians and social scientists have shown, welfare has always been a 'mixed economy', wherein private and public actors dynamically interacted, collaborating or competing with each other in the provision of welfare services. This book will be of interest to students, scholars and practitioners of welfare by developing three innovative approaches. Firstly, it illuminates the productive nature of public/private entanglements. Far from amounting to a zero-sum game, the interactions between the two sectors have changed over time what welfare encompasses, its contents and targets, often engendering the creation of new fields of intervention. Secondly, this book departs from a well-established tradition of comparison between Western nation-states by using and mixing various scales of analysis (local, national, international and global) and by covering case studies from Spain to Poland and France to Greece in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Thirdly, this book goes beyond state centrism in welfare studies by bringing back a host of public and private actors, from municipalities to international organizations, from older charities to modern NGOs.

Public welfare. --- Social service. --- Benevolent institutions --- Philanthropy --- Relief stations (for the poor) --- Social service agencies --- Social welfare --- Social work --- Human services --- Poor relief --- Public assistance --- Public charities --- Public relief --- Public welfare --- Public welfare reform --- Relief (Aid) --- Welfare (Public assistance) --- Welfare reform --- Social service --- Government policy --- Big State --- International Labor Bureau --- interventionist policy --- mixed political economy of giving --- National Health Service --- social protection --- World Health Organization --- World Young Women’s Christian Association --- welfare state

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Stroke is a common cause of death and disability worldwide. Malnutrition is prevalent in stroke rehabilitation patients, and has serious negative effects on outcomes. In addition, there is growing interest in new concepts related to malnutrition, such as sarcopenia, frailty, cachexia, chronic inflammation, dysphagia, and oral problems, all of which contribute to a poor prognosis. Therefore, it is necessary to assess nutritional status early and, if needed, provide appropriate nutritional interventions to improve patient outcomes. A multidisciplinary approach is strongly recommended in this setting; as such, high-quality clinical evidence regarding clinical nutrition in stroke rehabilitation is needed. This reprint updates our knowledge of clinical nutrition for stroke patients and includes interesting studies on topics including nutrition and weight management in the early stages of stroke, the relationship between frailty and improved physical function, weight gain by providing stored energy, physical activity and diet quality, L-carnitine and cognitive levels, and the prediction of stroke prognosis using temporal muscles. The Guest Editor hopes that this reprint will help provide clinicians with up-to-date knowledge of nutritional management in stroke rehabilitation.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- energy intake --- home-discharge --- activity of daily living --- stroke --- l-carnitine --- hemodialysis --- vascular dementia --- diffusion tensor imaging --- diffusion kurtosis imaging --- neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging --- stroke patient --- Charlson Comorbidity Index --- World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule II --- international physical activity questionnaire --- Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Quality --- health literacy --- International Classification of Diseases --- health-related behaviors --- Vietnam --- stored energy --- body weight gain --- skeletal muscle mass gain --- malnutrition --- aggressive rehabilitation nutrition --- sarcopenia --- SARC-F score --- disability --- malnutrition risks --- convalescent rehabilitation --- body weight --- functional recovery --- nutritional management --- frailty --- muscle volume --- nutritional status --- prognostic factor --- skeletal muscle mass --- temporal muscle thickness --- n/a

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Stroke is a common cause of death and disability worldwide. Malnutrition is prevalent in stroke rehabilitation patients, and has serious negative effects on outcomes. In addition, there is growing interest in new concepts related to malnutrition, such as sarcopenia, frailty, cachexia, chronic inflammation, dysphagia, and oral problems, all of which contribute to a poor prognosis. Therefore, it is necessary to assess nutritional status early and, if needed, provide appropriate nutritional interventions to improve patient outcomes. A multidisciplinary approach is strongly recommended in this setting; as such, high-quality clinical evidence regarding clinical nutrition in stroke rehabilitation is needed. This reprint updates our knowledge of clinical nutrition for stroke patients and includes interesting studies on topics including nutrition and weight management in the early stages of stroke, the relationship between frailty and improved physical function, weight gain by providing stored energy, physical activity and diet quality, L-carnitine and cognitive levels, and the prediction of stroke prognosis using temporal muscles. The Guest Editor hopes that this reprint will help provide clinicians with up-to-date knowledge of nutritional management in stroke rehabilitation.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- energy intake --- home-discharge --- activity of daily living --- stroke --- l-carnitine --- hemodialysis --- vascular dementia --- diffusion tensor imaging --- diffusion kurtosis imaging --- neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging --- stroke patient --- Charlson Comorbidity Index --- World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule II --- international physical activity questionnaire --- Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Quality --- health literacy --- International Classification of Diseases --- health-related behaviors --- Vietnam --- stored energy --- body weight gain --- skeletal muscle mass gain --- malnutrition --- aggressive rehabilitation nutrition --- sarcopenia --- SARC-F score --- disability --- malnutrition risks --- convalescent rehabilitation --- body weight --- functional recovery --- nutritional management --- frailty --- muscle volume --- nutritional status --- prognostic factor --- skeletal muscle mass --- temporal muscle thickness --- energy intake --- home-discharge --- activity of daily living --- stroke --- l-carnitine --- hemodialysis --- vascular dementia --- diffusion tensor imaging --- diffusion kurtosis imaging --- neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging --- stroke patient --- Charlson Comorbidity Index --- World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule II --- international physical activity questionnaire --- Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Quality --- health literacy --- International Classification of Diseases --- health-related behaviors --- Vietnam --- stored energy --- body weight gain --- skeletal muscle mass gain --- malnutrition --- aggressive rehabilitation nutrition --- sarcopenia --- SARC-F score --- disability --- malnutrition risks --- convalescent rehabilitation --- body weight --- functional recovery --- nutritional management --- frailty --- muscle volume --- nutritional status --- prognostic factor --- skeletal muscle mass --- temporal muscle thickness

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This open access book is a collection of research papers on COVID-19 by Germán Velásquez from 2020 and early 2021 that help to answer the question: How can an agency like the World Health Organization (WHO) be given a stronger voice to exercise authority and leadership? The considerable health, economic and social challenges that the world faced at the beginning of 2020 with COVID-19 continued and worsened in many parts of the world in the second-half of 2020 and into 2021. Many of these countries and nations wanted to explore COVID-19 on their own, sometimes without listening to the main international health bodies such as WHO, an agency of the United Nations system with long-standing experience and vast knowledge at the global level and of which all countries in the world are members. In this single volume, the chapters present the progress of thinking and debate — particularly in relation to drugs and vaccines — that would enable a response to the COVID-19 pandemic or to subsequent crises that may arise. Among the topics covered: COVID-19 Vaccines: Between Ethics, Health and Economics Medicines and Intellectual Property: 10 Years of the WHO Global Strategy Re-thinking Global and Local Manufacturing of Medical Products After COVID-19 Rethinking R&D for Pharmaceutical Products After the Novel Coronavirus COVID-19 Shock Intellectual Property and Access to Medicines and Vaccines The World Health Organization Reforms in the Time of COVID-19 Vaccines, Medicines and COVID-19: How Can WHO Be Given a Stronger Voice? is essential reading for negotiators from the 194 member countries of the World Health Organization (WHO); World Trade Organization (WTO) and World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) staff participating in these negotiations; academics and students of public health, medicine, health sciences, law, sociology and political science; and intergovernmental organizations and non-governmental organizations that follow the issue of access to treatments and vaccines for COVID-19.

COVID-19 (Disease) --- Medical policy. --- Vaccines. --- Social aspects. --- 2019-nCoV disease --- 2019 novel coronavirus disease --- Coronavirus disease-19 --- Coronavirus disease 2019 --- COVID-19 virus disease --- COVID19 (Disease) --- Novel coronavirus disease, 2019 --- SARS coronavirus 2 disease --- SARS-CoV-2 disease --- Coronavirus infections --- Respiratory infections --- Biologicals --- Health care policy --- Health policy --- Medical care --- Medicine and state --- Policy, Medical --- Public health --- Public health policy --- State and medicine --- Science and state --- Social policy --- Government policy --- COVID-19 Coronavirus pandemic --- access to affordable essential medicines --- Vaccine nationalism and vaccine safety --- World Health Organization reform --- Biosimilars and biotherapeutics --- COVAX Facility --- COVID-19 diagnostics --- Global health preparedness --- Article 19 of the WHO Constitution --- access to COVID-19 tools (ACT) accelerator --- Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) --- Inter-Governmental Working Group (IGWG) --- Patentability criteria --- Pharmaceutical sovereignty --- Research and Development (R&D) --- Universal Health Coverage (UHC) --- World Health Assembly (WHA) --- World Trade Organization (WTO) --- non-governmental organization (NGOs) --- Open Access --- Medicine, Preventive. --- Health promotion. --- Vaccines --- Biomaterials. --- Public health. --- Health Promotion and Disease Prevention. --- Health Policy. --- Biomaterials-Vaccines. --- Public Health. --- Biotechnology. --- Community health --- Health services --- Hygiene, Public --- Hygiene, Social --- Public health services --- Public hygiene --- Social hygiene --- Health --- Human services --- Biosecurity --- Health literacy --- Medicine, Preventive --- National health services --- Sanitation --- Vaccine biotechnology --- Biotechnology --- Health promotion programs --- Health promotion services --- Promotion of health --- Wellness programs --- Preventive health services --- Health education --- Disease prevention --- Diseases --- Prevention of disease --- Preventive medicine --- Pathology --- Preventive medicine physicians --- Prevention --- COVID-19 Pandemic, 2020 --- -Political aspects. --- -COVID-19 --- Pandèmia de COVID-19, 2020 --- -Vacunes --- Condicions socials --- Political aspects.