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This book explores the drivers and impacts of sand mining in the coastal areas of Lagos Nigeria. Based on empirical evidence, sand mining activity is driven by a number of urbanization-related factors while sand mining impacts are underlined by a number of sustainability-related factors. Four urbanization components describe the drivers of sand mining and four sustainability components describe the impacts of sand mining in Lagos. This book concludes on the puzzling dilemma of sand mining that supports thriving urbanization but undermines environmental sustainability in Lagos. Of course, sand mining has strong implications for environmental sustainability in Lagos coastal areas. This book is of immense benefit to environmental planners, city administrators, students of environmental science and the general public who have regards for environmental management. .

Sand and gravel mines and mining. --- Mines and mineral resources --- Deposits, Mineral --- Mineral deposits --- Mineral resources --- Mines and mining --- Mining --- Natural resources --- Geology, Economic --- Minerals --- Gravel mines and mining --- Environmental management. --- Sustainability. --- Geography. --- Environmental monitoring. --- Environmental Management. --- Environmental Monitoring. --- Cosmography --- Earth sciences --- World history --- Biomonitoring (Ecology) --- Ecological monitoring --- Environmental quality --- Monitoring, Environmental --- Applied ecology --- Environmental engineering --- Pollution --- Environmental stewardship --- Stewardship, Environmental --- Environmental sciences --- Management --- Sustainability science --- Human ecology --- Social ecology --- Measurement --- Monitoring --- Sand and gravel mines and mining

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In a time of accelerating sea level rise and increasingly intensifying storms, the world’s sandy beaches and dunes have never been more crucial to protecting coastal environments. Yet, in order to meet the demands of large-scale construction projects, sand mining is stripping beaches and dunes, destroying environments, and exploiting labor in the process. The authors of Vanishing Sands track the devastating impact of legal and illegal sand mining over the past twenty years, ranging from Africa, Asia, and the Caribbean to South America and the eastern United States. They show how sand mining has reached crisis levels: beach, dune, and river ecosystems are in danger of being lost forever, while organized crime groups use deadly force to protect their illegal mining operations. Calling for immediate and widespread resistance to sand mining, the authors demonstrate that its cessation is paramount for saving not only beaches, dunes, and associated environments but also lives and tourism economies everywhere.

Beaches --- Coasts --- Mines and mineral resources --- Sand and gravel mines and mining --- Sea level --- Seashore ecology. --- NATURE / Ecosystems & Habitats / Coastal Regions & Shorelines. --- Environmental aspects.

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In the research on environmental hydraulics, its turbulence, and its sediment transport, constant challenges have been faced. The complexity of hydraulic impacts on sediment transport and turbulent flow properties makes research in this area a difficult task. However, due to pressure from climate change and the mounting issue of pollution, environmental flow studies are more crucial than ever. Bedforming within rivers is a complex process that can be influenced by the hydraulics, vegetated field, and various suspended and bedload transports. Changes in flow conditions due to rain and flood can further complicate a hydraulic system. To date, the turbulence, morphologic, and bedforming characteristics of natural environmental flows are still not well understood. This book aims to bring together a collection of state-of-the-art research and technologies to form a useful guide for the related research and engineering communities. It may be useful for authorities, researchers, and environmental, civil, and water engineers to understand the current state-of-the-art practices in environmental flow modelling, measurement, and management. It may also be a good resource for research, post-, or undergraduate students who wish to know about the most up-to-date knowledge in this field.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- ADV --- bed-mounted horizontal cylinder --- gravel-bed --- sand-bed --- turbulence --- wake region --- floating structure --- hydrodynamic moment --- finite flowing water --- physical model tests --- statistical diagnosis --- bridge pier --- flat and eroded bed --- flow field --- velocity profile measurements --- wave --- current --- sediment --- maintenance dredging --- Nagan Raya --- unsaturated soil --- stability --- consolidation --- self-preservation in wall-wake --- circular pipe --- velocity deficit --- RSS deficit --- turbulence intensities deficit --- third-order correlations --- suspended sediment concentration --- dilute-hyper concentration --- Rouse number --- velocity lag --- bursting phenomena --- ADV --- bed-mounted horizontal cylinder --- gravel-bed --- sand-bed --- turbulence --- wake region --- floating structure --- hydrodynamic moment --- finite flowing water --- physical model tests --- statistical diagnosis --- bridge pier --- flat and eroded bed --- flow field --- velocity profile measurements --- wave --- current --- sediment --- maintenance dredging --- Nagan Raya --- unsaturated soil --- stability --- consolidation --- self-preservation in wall-wake --- circular pipe --- velocity deficit --- RSS deficit --- turbulence intensities deficit --- third-order correlations --- suspended sediment concentration --- dilute-hyper concentration --- Rouse number --- velocity lag --- bursting phenomena

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This book presents five articles that are also part of a Special Issue titled: Modelling of River flows, Sediment and Contaminants Transport published in the Water Journal under the section: Water Erosion and Sediment Transport. It covers a wide range of topics, such as predicting the impacts of wildfires on sediment transport and water quality in a mountainous region and estimating the sediment erosion due to release of ice-jams in cold region rivers.

Congo River Basin --- Cuvette Centrale --- erosion --- sediment transport --- sediment balance --- SWAT --- dam area of reservoirs --- fine-grained sediment --- fluid mud --- gravity-driven flow --- reservoir sedimentation --- cohesive sediment --- water supply --- turbidity --- gravel bed river --- ingress --- watershed management --- source water protection --- climate change adaptation --- landscape disturbance --- aquatic life --- bank erosion --- bed shear --- ice jam --- sediment pulse --- suspended-sediment concentration --- water quality --- cohesive sediment transport --- modelling --- flocculation --- critical shear stress --- deposition --- river systems --- entrapment --- n/a

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In the research on environmental hydraulics, its turbulence, and its sediment transport, constant challenges have been faced. The complexity of hydraulic impacts on sediment transport and turbulent flow properties makes research in this area a difficult task. However, due to pressure from climate change and the mounting issue of pollution, environmental flow studies are more crucial than ever. Bedforming within rivers is a complex process that can be influenced by the hydraulics, vegetated field, and various suspended and bedload transports. Changes in flow conditions due to rain and flood can further complicate a hydraulic system. To date, the turbulence, morphologic, and bedforming characteristics of natural environmental flows are still not well understood. This book aims to bring together a collection of state-of-the-art research and technologies to form a useful guide for the related research and engineering communities. It may be useful for authorities, researchers, and environmental, civil, and water engineers to understand the current state-of-the-art practices in environmental flow modelling, measurement, and management. It may also be a good resource for research, post-, or undergraduate students who wish to know about the most up-to-date knowledge in this field.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- ADV --- bed-mounted horizontal cylinder --- gravel-bed --- sand-bed --- turbulence --- wake region --- floating structure --- hydrodynamic moment --- finite flowing water --- physical model tests --- statistical diagnosis --- bridge pier --- flat and eroded bed --- flow field --- velocity profile measurements --- wave --- current --- sediment --- maintenance dredging --- Nagan Raya --- unsaturated soil --- stability --- consolidation --- self-preservation in wall-wake --- circular pipe --- velocity deficit --- RSS deficit --- turbulence intensities deficit --- third-order correlations --- suspended sediment concentration --- dilute-hyper concentration --- Rouse number --- velocity lag --- bursting phenomena --- n/a