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Machiavel, Pascal : ce rapprochement paraîtra surprenant. Machiavel découvre la casuistique médiévale dans la bibliothèque de son père et met le rapport de la norme et de l'exception au centre d'un monde inventé ("La Mandragore") et du monde où il vit et agit ("Le Prince"). L'adverbe "néanmoins" nomme ce rapport, qui marque le style comme la méthode de Machiavel. Pascal, l'adversaire féroce de la casuistique, lit Machiavel à travers Galilée et la réalité du pouvoir à travers Machiavel. "Néanmoins" offre un voyage sur les traces de ces deux lecteurs extraordinaires et de leurs interlocuteurs, adversaires ou zélateurs : des personnages célèbres, notamment Campanella et Galilée, vus par leur censeur, le dominicain Niccoló Riccardi, mais aussi des moins connus, tel Johann Ludwig Fabricius, qui permet, au fil d'une lecture oblique des "Provinciales" de Pascal, de proposer l'image du "très religieux" Machiavel. Carlo Ginzburg a travaillé pendant des années sur des cas qui, pour être très différents, semblaient tous des anomalies. De là sa rencontre, inévitable peut-être, avec la casuistique. En plus d'un essai consacré à la formule du "Guépard", le roman de Tomasi di Lampedusa - "Si nous voulons que tout reste tel que c'est, il faut que tout change" -, la version française de ce livre offre deux nouveaux chapitres, l'un consacré à Michel Ange et Machiavel, l'autre à une phrase prononcée par le pape François : "Il n'y a pas de Dieu catholique."

Machiavel, --- Pascal, Blaise, --- Pascal, Blaise --- Machiavelli, Niccolò --- Casuistique. --- Philosophie comparée. --- Théologie politique. --- Normes. --- Machiavel --- Critique et interprétation. --- Casuistry. --- Philosophy, Comparative. --- Political theology. --- Machiavelli, Niccolò,

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A panoramic history of rules in the Western worldRules order almost every aspect of our lives. They set our work hours, dictate how we drive and set the table, tell us whether to offer an extended hand or cheek in greeting, and organize the rites of life, from birth through death. We may chafe under the rules we have, and yearn for ones we don't, yet no culture could do without them. In Rules, historian Lorraine Daston traces their development in the Western tradition and shows how rules have evolved from ancient to modern times. Drawing on a rich trove of examples, including legal treatises, cookbooks, military manuals, traffic regulations, and game handbooks, Daston demonstrates that while the content of rules is dazzlingly diverse, the forms that they take are surprisingly few and long-lived.Daston uncovers three enduring kinds of rules: the algorithms that calculate and measure, the laws that govern, and the models that teach. She vividly illustrates how rules can change-how supple rules stiffen, or vice versa, and how once bothersome regulations become everyday norms. Rules have been devised for almost every imaginable activity and range from meticulous regulations to the laws of nature. Daston probes beneath this variety to investigate when rules work and when they don't, and why some philosophical problems about rules are as ancient as philosophy itself while others are as modern as calculating machines.Rules offers a wide-angle view on the history of the constraints that guide us-whether we know it or not.

Authority. --- Order (Philosophy) --- Algorithms. --- Law. --- Natural law. --- Order (Philosophy). --- General ethics --- World history --- Authority --- Algorithms --- Law --- Natural law --- Computer algorithms. --- Ethics. --- Actin. --- Algorithm. --- Analogy. --- Aphorism. --- Augustine of Hippo. --- Biotope. --- Braid. --- Brain. --- Brightness. --- Calculation. --- Casuistry. --- Cataclysm (Dragonlance). --- Catechism. --- Chapter 33 (G.I. Bill of Rights). --- Charles Babbage. --- Codification (law). --- Computer program. --- Consonant. --- Culprit. --- Cydnidae. --- Cytoplasmic incompatibility. --- Depiction. --- Designer. --- Dictionary. --- Discretion. --- Drosophila. --- Early Modern literature. --- Electricity. --- Electronics. --- Epithelium. --- Fertilisation. --- Fishing. --- Francis Bacon. --- Gamma ray. --- Genre. --- Good and evil. --- Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz. --- Government debt. --- Gut flora. --- Hannah Glasse. --- Herder. --- His Family. --- Horntail. --- Household. --- Human intelligence (intelligence gathering). --- Human intelligence. --- Imitation. --- Indication (medicine). --- Insect. --- John Herschel. --- Kinase. --- Lactobacillus. --- Lipid. --- Lookup table. --- Mathematician. --- Mathematics. --- Measurement. --- Metabolism. --- Metabolite. --- Metaphysics. --- Microbiota. --- Microorganism. --- Miguel de Cervantes. --- Monochord. --- Nationalism. --- Natural philosophy. --- Obedience (human behavior). --- Organism. --- Parallel Lives. --- Parchment. --- Pathogen. --- Philosophy. --- Phonetics. --- Polykleitos. --- Precept. --- Prerogative. --- Public utility. --- Publishing. --- Reason. --- Result. --- Rule of Saint Benedict. --- Sect. --- Shavian alphabet. --- Shawl. --- Simon Stevin. --- Spelling rule. --- State of nature. --- Statute. --- Straightedge. --- Subtitle (captioning). --- Subtraction. --- Supplication. --- The Nautical Almanac. --- The Opposite Direction. --- Titer. --- Treatise. --- Tropical rainforest. --- Usage. --- Warfare.