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Interdisciplinary approach to knowledge

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Multiple price lists are a convenient tool to elicit willingness to pay (WTP) in surveys and experiments, but choice patterns such as "multiple switching" and "never switching" indicate high error rates. Existing measurement approaches often do not provide accurate standard errors and cannot correct for bias due to framing and order effects. We propose to combine a randomization approach with a random-effects latent utility model to detect bias and account for error. Data from a choice experiment in South Africa shows that significant order effects exist which, if uncorrected, would lead to distorted conclusions about subjects' preferences. We provide templates to create a multiple price list survey instrument in SurveyCTO and analyze the resulting data using our proposed methods.

Willingness to pay.

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"This book explores how conflicts around access to water shape cities, citizenship and infrastructures by tracing how water is commodified and controlled by the Public Enterprises of Medellín, one of the most successful public water utility companies in the Global South. Why are water inequalities dramatically increasing in Medellín, a city that is located in an area of bountiful water resources and owns a successful, established water utility company? This book explains this paradoxical situation by weaving together two central threads. The first is a critical historical analysis of the political, economic and ecological conditions that enabled the city's utility company to grow and expand internationally, and the second is a rich account of the everyday practices and struggles of residents in low-income areas to secure access to water and demand citizenship rights. The Public Enterprises of Medellín is a case of global significance as the company continues to expand their commercial operations in the Latin American services market by taking over the utilities in Panama, El Salvador and Guatemala, Mexico and Chile. Although its successful international expansion has been a source of pride and admiration for many Colombians, the implementation of market-oriented operating principles in all activities of the utility company raises important and complex questions about its public character and responsibility in the provision of basic services, which has much wider implications given how it is poised to be a model for other for-profit municipal service operations in other Latin American countries. This book advances the empirical knowledge of corporatized utilities, with a globally significant case, as well as providing new theoretical insights with which to understand the limits, challenges and opportunities faced by public utility companies to provide affordable and equal access to water in cities. This book will be of great interest to students and scholars of water resource management, corporatization, privatisation and commodification of natural resources, urban studies, citizenship and human rights, environmental sociology and Latin American studies"--

Right to water.

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The book 'The Paris Commune: A Brief History' by Carolyn J. Eichner provides an insightful exploration of the Paris Commune, a revolutionary government that briefly ruled Paris from March to May 1871. The narrative centers on the social and political upheaval during this period, highlighting the Commune's attempt to establish a society based on equality and democracy. Key themes include the struggle against class and gender inequalities, the democratization of education and arts, and the liberation from oppressive regimes. The book details events such as the grand concert at the Tuileries Palace and the subsequent military crackdown during 'Bloody Week.' Aimed at historians and readers interested in revolutionary movements, this book underscores the Commune's impact and its eventual suppression by the French national government, illustrating the broader historical context of 19th-century France.

Revolutions. --- Government, Resistance to.

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Yun, Tŏk-cho