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This book, a printed edition of the Special Issue Soil Nitrogen Supply: Linking Plant Available N to Ecosystem Functions and Productivity, presents thoughtful research papers that will advance our understanding of this fascinating topic. New knowledge about modeling and the impact of cover crops, crop residues, soil amendment, and other management practices is presented in the context of agricultural and urban ecosystems.

Technology: general issues --- Environmental science, engineering & technology --- nitrification inhibitors --- soil type --- CO2 and N2O emissions --- soil nitrogen dynamic --- winter malting barley --- malting quality indices --- summer cover crops --- sunn hemp --- crimson clover --- seeding rate --- nitrogen management --- aerobic incubation --- CO2 production --- microbial metabolism --- enzyme activities --- active biomass --- gross mineralization/immobilization --- Bradyrhizobium --- attachment --- root --- biofilm --- lectin --- soybean --- soil --- hydrophobicity --- Brassica napus --- natural variation --- nitrogen nutrition --- root system architecture --- nitrogen --- miscanthus --- willow --- field experiment --- lettuce --- plant-based amendment --- rhizosphere --- rainfall simulator --- nutrient runoff --- ammonium --- nitrate --- nitrogen use efficiency --- biochar --- total nitrogen --- soil organic carbon --- nitrogen mineralization --- nitrification --- turfgrass --- residential landscapes --- landscape patches --- urban soils --- perennial peanut --- urban landscapes --- N mineralization --- C/N ratio --- crop residue --- N availability --- NBPT --- nitrification inhibitor --- half-life --- degradation rate constant --- nitrogen leaching --- autumn tillage --- no-till --- lysimeter --- field experiment network --- soil nitrogen mineralization --- soil properties --- cropping system --- modeling --- STICS model --- n/a

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This book, a printed edition of the Special Issue Soil Nitrogen Supply: Linking Plant Available N to Ecosystem Functions and Productivity, presents thoughtful research papers that will advance our understanding of this fascinating topic. New knowledge about modeling and the impact of cover crops, crop residues, soil amendment, and other management practices is presented in the context of agricultural and urban ecosystems.

Technology: general issues --- Environmental science, engineering & technology --- nitrification inhibitors --- soil type --- CO2 and N2O emissions --- soil nitrogen dynamic --- winter malting barley --- malting quality indices --- summer cover crops --- sunn hemp --- crimson clover --- seeding rate --- nitrogen management --- aerobic incubation --- CO2 production --- microbial metabolism --- enzyme activities --- active biomass --- gross mineralization/immobilization --- Bradyrhizobium --- attachment --- root --- biofilm --- lectin --- soybean --- soil --- hydrophobicity --- Brassica napus --- natural variation --- nitrogen nutrition --- root system architecture --- nitrogen --- miscanthus --- willow --- field experiment --- lettuce --- plant-based amendment --- rhizosphere --- rainfall simulator --- nutrient runoff --- ammonium --- nitrate --- nitrogen use efficiency --- biochar --- total nitrogen --- soil organic carbon --- nitrogen mineralization --- nitrification --- turfgrass --- residential landscapes --- landscape patches --- urban soils --- perennial peanut --- urban landscapes --- N mineralization --- C/N ratio --- crop residue --- N availability --- NBPT --- nitrification inhibitor --- half-life --- degradation rate constant --- nitrogen leaching --- autumn tillage --- no-till --- lysimeter --- field experiment network --- soil nitrogen mineralization --- soil properties --- cropping system --- modeling --- STICS model --- nitrification inhibitors --- soil type --- CO2 and N2O emissions --- soil nitrogen dynamic --- winter malting barley --- malting quality indices --- summer cover crops --- sunn hemp --- crimson clover --- seeding rate --- nitrogen management --- aerobic incubation --- CO2 production --- microbial metabolism --- enzyme activities --- active biomass --- gross mineralization/immobilization --- Bradyrhizobium --- attachment --- root --- biofilm --- lectin --- soybean --- soil --- hydrophobicity --- Brassica napus --- natural variation --- nitrogen nutrition --- root system architecture --- nitrogen --- miscanthus --- willow --- field experiment --- lettuce --- plant-based amendment --- rhizosphere --- rainfall simulator --- nutrient runoff --- ammonium --- nitrate --- nitrogen use efficiency --- biochar --- total nitrogen --- soil organic carbon --- nitrogen mineralization --- nitrification --- turfgrass --- residential landscapes --- landscape patches --- urban soils --- perennial peanut --- urban landscapes --- N mineralization --- C/N ratio --- crop residue --- N availability --- NBPT --- nitrification inhibitor --- half-life --- degradation rate constant --- nitrogen leaching --- autumn tillage --- no-till --- lysimeter --- field experiment network --- soil nitrogen mineralization --- soil properties --- cropping system --- modeling --- STICS model

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The concept of nitrogen gap (NG), i.e., its recognition and amelioration, forms the core of this book entitled Site-Specific Nutrient Management (SSNM). Determination of the presence of an NG between fields on a farm and/or within a particular field, together with its size, requires a set of highly reliable diagnostic tools. The necessary set of diagnostic tools, based classically on pedological and agrochemical methods, should be currently supported by remote-sensing methods. A combination of these two groups of methods is the only way to recognize the factors responsible for yield gap (YG) appearance and to offer a choice of measures for its effective amelioration. The NG concept is discussed in the two first papers (Grzebisz and Łukowiak, Agronomy 2021, 11, 419; Łukowiak et al., Agronomy 2020, 10, 1959). Crop productivity depends on a synchronization of plant demand for nitrogen and its supply from soil resources during the growing season. The action of nitrate nitrogen (N–NO3), resulting in direct plant crop response, can be treated by farmers as a crucial growth factor. The expected outcome also depends on the status of soil fertility factors, including pools of available nutrients and the activity of microorganisms. Three papers are devoted to these basic aspects of soil fertility management (Sulewska et al., Agronomy 2020, 10, 1958; Grzebisz et al., Agronomy 2020, 10, 1701; Hlisnikovsky et al., Agronomy 2021, 11, 1333). The resistance of a currently cultivated crop to seasonal weather variability depends to a great extent on the soil fertility level. This aspect is thoroughly discussed for three distinct soil types and climates with respect to their impact on yield (Hlisnikovsky et al., Agronomy 2020, 10, 1160—Czech Republic; Wang et al., Agronomy 2020, 10, 1237—China; Łukowiak and Grzebisz et al., Agronomy 2020, 10, 1364—Poland). In the fourth section of this book, the division a particular field into homogenous production zones is discussed as a basis for effective nitrogen management within the field. This topic is presented for different regions and crops (China, Poland, and the USA) (Cammarano et al., Agronomy 2020, 10, 1767; Panek et al., Agronomy 2020, 10, 1842; Larson et al., Agronomy 2020, 10, 1858).

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Technology, engineering, agriculture --- Triticum aestivum L. --- farmyard manure --- mineral fertilizers --- crude protein content --- soil properties, site-specific requirements --- yield --- site-specific nitrogen management --- regional optimal nitrogen management --- net return --- nitrogen use efficiency --- spatial variability --- temporal variability --- seed density --- N uptake --- indices of N productivity --- mineral N --- indigenous Nmin at spring --- post-harvest Nmin --- N balance --- N efficiency --- maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II --- chlorophyll content index --- soil enzymatic activity --- biological index fertility --- nitrogenase activity --- microelements fertilization (Ti --- Si --- B --- Mo --- Zn) --- soil --- nitrate nitrogen content --- contents of available phosphorus --- potassium --- magnesium --- calcium --- cardinal stages of WOSR growth --- PCA --- site-specific nutrient management --- soil brightness --- satellite remote sensing --- crop yield --- soil fertility --- winter wheat --- winter triticale --- vegetation indices --- NDVI --- grain yield --- number of spikes --- economics --- normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) --- on-the-go sensors --- winter oilseed rape → winter triticale cropping sequence --- N input --- N total uptake --- N gap --- Beta vulgaris L. --- organic manure --- weather conditions --- soil chemistry --- sugar concentration --- climatic potential yield --- yield gap --- soil constraints --- subsoil --- remote sensing-techniques --- field --- a field --- crop production --- sustainability --- homogenous productivity units --- nitrogen indicators: in-season --- spatial --- vertical variability of N demand and supply --- spectral imagery --- Triticum aestivum L. --- farmyard manure --- mineral fertilizers --- crude protein content --- soil properties, site-specific requirements --- yield --- site-specific nitrogen management --- regional optimal nitrogen management --- net return --- nitrogen use efficiency --- spatial variability --- temporal variability --- seed density --- N uptake --- indices of N productivity --- mineral N --- indigenous Nmin at spring --- post-harvest Nmin --- N balance --- N efficiency --- maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II --- chlorophyll content index --- soil enzymatic activity --- biological index fertility --- nitrogenase activity --- microelements fertilization (Ti --- Si --- B --- Mo --- Zn) --- soil --- nitrate nitrogen content --- contents of available phosphorus --- potassium --- magnesium --- calcium --- cardinal stages of WOSR growth --- PCA --- site-specific nutrient management --- soil brightness --- satellite remote sensing --- crop yield --- soil fertility --- winter wheat --- winter triticale --- vegetation indices --- NDVI --- grain yield --- number of spikes --- economics --- normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) --- on-the-go sensors --- winter oilseed rape → winter triticale cropping sequence --- N input --- N total uptake --- N gap --- Beta vulgaris L. --- organic manure --- weather conditions --- soil chemistry --- sugar concentration --- climatic potential yield --- yield gap --- soil constraints --- subsoil --- remote sensing-techniques --- field --- a field --- crop production --- sustainability --- homogenous productivity units --- nitrogen indicators: in-season --- spatial --- vertical variability of N demand and supply --- spectral imagery

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This book, entitled “Elemental Concentration and Pollution in Soil, Water, and Sediment”, presents an updated overview of the main trace elements in living organisms. This collection brings researchers from different fields together, including those from biogeochemistry and ecotoxicology in various environmental media, in order to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the environmental fate of trace elements in their biogeochemical cycles for different ecosystems.

Research & information: general --- Chemistry --- marine sediments --- trace metals --- speciation --- contamination --- San Simon Bay --- soil remediation --- toxicity bioassays --- humic substances --- calcium carbonate --- iron oxides --- polyphenolic compounds --- heavy metals --- soil --- enrichment factor --- geoaccumulation index --- contamination factor --- pollution indices --- soil contamination --- geogenic and anthropogenic origin --- iron ore deposits --- tailing dumps --- seepage water --- water balance of the enterprise --- metals --- p-arsanilic acid --- adsorption --- natural fluorine-enriched soil --- natural sources --- chemical extraction resistance --- low washing efficiency --- lacustrine sediments --- geochemical mapping --- spatial distribution --- contamination assessment --- environmental risk assessments --- sediment quality guidelines --- pollution --- bottom sediments --- river --- acid mine drainage --- abandoned coal mine --- potentially toxic elements --- pollution level --- potential ecological risk --- sewage sludge --- calcareous soil --- extraction DTPA --- crop --- transfer --- long time --- engineered nanoparticles --- organic matter --- phosphorus --- nutrients --- volcanic soil --- agricultural land contamination --- sediment --- irrigation canal --- heavy metal --- copper --- cadmium --- Daphnia pulex --- ecotoxicology --- LC50 --- ecological risk assessment --- karst areas --- soil properties --- urban ecology --- trace metal pollution --- soil organisms --- diversity --- Western Siberia --- snow pollution --- trace metals and metalloids --- atmospheric depositions --- solubility --- sediments --- bioindicators --- geochemical background --- risk assessment code --- sequential extraction --- groundwater --- precipitation --- caustic calcined magnesia (CCM) --- permeable reactive barrier (PRB) --- natural water --- water quality --- Arctic region --- elemental composition --- springs --- QR code --- modern sedimentation processes --- mineralogy --- geochemistry --- authigenic minerals --- hydrogen sulfide contamination --- arid climate --- Caspian Sea --- n/a

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The production of industrial and bioenergy crops has been the subject of scientific research for many years; however, the implementation of previously proposed solutions for commercial production is still at an early stage. It should be emphasized that when developing the production of industrial and bioenergy crops on agricultural lands, it is important to avoid land-use competition with the production of food and feed. It is well justified, for initiating the sustainable production of industrial and bioenergy crops, to promote efficient species for growing on marginal lands, which are unsuitable or less suitable for food or feed production. Another important point is that industrial and bioenergy crops should include nonfood and nonfeed crops and generate agricultural products categorized as commodities and/or raw materials for industrial goods and bioenergy. These industrial and bioenergy crops can become an important source of biomass. Of course, the concept of their cultivation for nonfood (and/or nonfeed) uses is not new but, despite considerable investment in research and development, little progress has been made with regard to the introduction of such crops and their products into the market. Therefore, the papers focus on innovations and perspectives regarding sustainable industrial and bioenergy crops production, logistic chains, biomass quality, utilization and cascade biomass use for bioeconomy, socio-economic and energy analyses, etc.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- harvesting --- work productivity --- supply chain --- harvesting efficiency --- Salix --- genoype × site interaction --- survivability --- biometric features --- plant height --- fresh biomass yield --- dry biomass yield --- Miscanthus --- nitrogen fertilization --- rhizomes --- stem --- leaves --- consumer choices --- eucalyptus --- firewood --- Italy --- multilevel logistic regression model --- willingness to consume --- tobacco biomass --- energy yield --- higher heating value --- biogas potential --- Nicotiana tabacum --- energy crops --- planting density --- calorific value --- SRC --- hulled wheat species --- energy --- life cycle assessment --- Tenebrio molitor --- edible insects --- larval development --- feed conversion ratio --- agricultural and industrial residues --- lignocellulosic biomass --- bioconversion --- agroforestry --- biodiversity --- bioeconomy --- biomass supply --- circular economy --- organic farming --- perennial crops --- quarry --- syntropy --- vegetation restoration --- willow --- varieties --- yield --- marginal soil --- biological diversity --- marginal land --- cup plant --- perennial energy crop --- energy expenses --- biogas --- biomass yield --- willow SRC --- energy plants --- ground beetles --- Carabidae --- ecosystem services --- invertebrate biodiversity --- willow-leaf sunflower --- Jerusalem artichoke --- supercritical extraction --- water as co-solvent --- antimicrobial activity --- biocidal effect --- bioenergy crop --- groundwater --- growth --- invasive potential --- reproductive potential --- Silphium perfoliatum --- soil moisture --- water table distance --- energy biomass --- yields --- invasive behavior --- economics --- common osier --- fertilization --- dry matter yield --- soil chemical parameters --- soil bulk density --- water-stable aggregates --- soil microbial carbon --- willow browse --- soluble carbohydrates --- browsing damage --- cervids --- gas chromatography --- aboveground --- belowground part of Miscanthus × giganteus --- ash --- potassium --- calcium --- sulphur content --- uptake --- bioproduction --- CAP payments --- sustainable agriculture --- Poland --- unutilized agricultural areas (uUAA) --- abandoned areas --- land use and land-use change --- carbon sequestration --- soil properties (physical and chemical) --- polyphenols --- supercritical CO2 extraction --- perennial industrial crops --- antioxidant activity --- silvergrass --- willowleaf sunflower --- prairie cordgrass --- n/a