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The National Institutes of Health (NIH) asked the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to conduct a quadrennial review of its Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) and Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) programs, in accordance with a legislative mandate. Using quantitative and qualitative analyses of data, this report reviews the operations and outcomes stemming from NIH's SBIR/STTR awards.Drawing on published research and conducting new analyses based on both publicly available data and applicant data provided by NIH, Assessment of the SBIR and STTR Programs at the National Institutes of Health analyzes (1) the effectiveness of NIH's processes and procedures for selecting SBIR and STTR awardees; (2) the effectiveness of NIH's outreach to increase SBIR and STTR applications from small businesses that are new to the programs, from underrepresented states, and from woman-owned and minority-owned businesses; (3) collaborations between small businesses and research institutions resulting from the programs; and (4) a range of direct economic and health care impacts attributable to the programs.

Science And State --- Political Science

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This book demonstrates that the 'subversiveness' assumed in China's and India's rise in the life sciences reflects many of the regulatory challenges that are shared globally. It stresses a decolonial imperative for science governance to be responsive and effective in a cosmopolitan world.

Decolonization. --- Science and state. --- COVID-19. --- China. --- Decolonisation. --- Epistemic injustice. --- Experimental therapy. --- Gene research. --- Global South. --- India. --- National habitus. --- Science diplomacy.

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City planning --- Medical policy. --- Health aspects. --- Health care policy --- Health policy --- Medical care --- Medicine and state --- Policy, Medical --- Public health --- Public health policy --- State and medicine --- Science and state --- Social policy --- Urban health --- Government policy --- Hygienic aspects

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Medical policy. --- Health care policy --- Health policy --- Medical care --- Medicine and state --- Policy, Medical --- Public health --- Public health policy --- State and medicine --- Science and state --- Social policy --- Government policy

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International health planners often design programs based on the assumption that recipient nations share the same "level playing field" with regard to conceptions of health, illness, and at-risk populations. This volume challenges that perception, analyzing the outcomes of humanitarian projects that fail to recognize local ethnic and national identities, as well as the tensions between international health agencies' mandates and powerful centralized government agendas. Case studies are drawn from Africa, Asia, and the Caribbean.

World health --- Medical policy --- Health care policy --- Health policy --- Medical care --- Medicine and state --- Policy, Medical --- Public health --- Public health policy --- State and medicine --- Science and state --- Social policy --- Global health --- International health --- Medical geography --- Social aspects --- Government policy --- International cooperation