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Cet ouvrage, aux nombreuses illustrations, donne une vision transversale des changements environnementaux d’échelle mondiale que connaît notre planète aux limites finies. Son objectif est, en particulier, de faire comprendre les mécanismes et conséquences du réchauffement climatique et de l’érosion de la biodiversité ainsi que leurs relations avec nos modes de vie et de consommation. Pour l’essentiel, il reprend l’un des premiers enseignements numériques dispensé à grande échelle en 2020 sur les « Enjeux de la transition écologique » auprès de plusieurs milliers d’étudiants de licence de toutes disciplines de l’Université Paris-Saclay. À l’instar de ce cours, cet ouvrage s’articule en quatre parties. Partant d’une perspective historique des évolutions du climat et de la biodiversité, les trois premières parties montrent l’impact grandissant de l’humanité sur les flux d’énergie et de matière de la planète et sur les trajectoires évolutives du vivant. Cet impact conditionne en retour la survie de nos sociétés et du monde tel que nous le connaissons. La quatrième et dernière partie de cet ouvrage offre un cadre de réflexions pour une transition vers un développement soutenable. Cette transition peut être une opportunité pour repenser nos façons de produire, de travailler, de consommer, de nous déplacer, tout en visant l’équité sociale pour un « bien vivre ensemble » partagé sur la planète. Pour répondre à l’objectif de transversalité de l’ouvrage, plus de quarante enseignant(e)s-chercheurs(euses) et chercheurs(euses) d’horizons différents y ont contribué, mêlant savoirs des sciences de la nature aux sciences humaines et sociales en passant par le droit, l’économie, la gestion, l’agronomie et la médecine.

SCIENCE / Environmental Science (see also Chemistry / Environmental).

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Climate change, combined with the rapid and often unplanned urbanisation trends, is associated with a rising trend in the frequency and severity of disasters triggered by natural hazards. In order to face the impacts of such threats, it is necessary to have an appropriate Disaster Risk Assessment (DRA). Traditional DRA approaches for disaster risk reduction (DRR) have focused mainly on the hazard component of risk, with little attention to the vulnerability and the exposure components. To address this issue, this dissertation's main objective is to develop and test a disaster risk modelling framework that incorporates socioeconomic vulnerability and the adaptive nature of exposure associated with human behaviour in extreme hydro-meteorological events in the context of SIDS. To achieve the objective, an Adaptive Disaster Risk Assessment (ADRA) framework is proposed. ADRA uses an index-based approach (PeVI) to assess the socioeconomic vulnerability using three components: susceptibility, lack of coping capacities, and lack of adaptation. Furthermore, ADRA explicitly incorporates the exposure component using two approaches; first, a logistic regression model was built using the actual evacuation rates observed during Hurricane Irma, and second, an Agent-based model is used to simulate how households change their exposure levels in relation to different sources of information

Natural disasters --- SCIENCE / Environmental Science --- TECHNOLOGY / Engineering / Civil --- Risk assessment. --- Economic aspects. --- Social aspects. --- Natural calamities --- Disasters

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How do we take stock of the state and direction of the world’s environment, and what can we learn from the experience? Among the myriad detailed narratives about the condition of the planet, the Global Environment Outlook (GEO) reports—issued by the United Nations Environment Programme—stand out as the most ambitious. For nearly three decades the GEO project has not only delivered iconic global assessment reports, but through its multitude of contributors has inspired hundreds of similar processes worldwide from the regional to the local level. This book provides an inside account of the evolution of the GEO project from its earliest days. Building on meticulous research, including interviews with former heads of the United Nations Environment Programme, diplomats, leading contributing scientists, and senior leaders of collaborating organizations, the story is told from the perspective of five GEO veterans who all played a pivotal role in shaping the periodic assessments. The GEO’s history provides striking insights and will save valuable time to those who commission, design and conduct, as well as critique and improve, assessments of environmental development in the next decade.

Ecology. --- Environmental impact analysis. --- Environmental monitoring. --- Global environmental change. --- SCIENCE / Environmental Science (see also Chemistry / Environmental). --- Sustainable development, Environment, Assessment, Outlook, Policy interface, Global. --- Environmental change, Global --- Global change, Environmental --- Global environmental changes --- Change --- Ecology --- Biomonitoring (Ecology) --- Ecological monitoring --- Environmental quality --- Monitoring, Environmental --- Applied ecology --- Environmental engineering --- Pollution --- Analysis of environmental impact --- Environmental assessment --- Environmental impact assessment --- Environmental impact evaluation --- Impact analysis, Environmental --- Environmental auditing --- Environmental monitoring --- Environmental protection --- Balance of nature --- Biology --- Bionomics --- Ecological processes --- Ecological science --- Ecological sciences --- Environment --- Environmental biology --- Oecology --- Environmental sciences --- Population biology --- Measurement --- Monitoring --- Climatic changes