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Virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) have long histories in the healthcare sector, offering the opportunity to develop a wide range of tools and applications aimed at improving the quality of care and efficiency of services for professionals and patients alike. The best-known examples of VR–AR applications in the healthcare domain include surgical planning and medical training by means of simulation technologies. Techniques used in surgical simulation have also been applied to cognitive and motor rehabilitation, pain management, and patient and professional education. Serious games are ones in which the main goal is not entertainment, but a crucial purpose, ranging from the acquisition of knowledge to interactive training.These games are attracting growing attention in healthcare because of their several benefits: motivation, interactivity, adaptation to user competence level, flexibility in time, repeatability, and continuous feedback. Recently, healthcare has also become one of the biggest adopters of mixed reality (MR), which merges real and virtual content to generate novel environments, where physical and digital objects not only coexist, but are also capable of interacting with each other in real time, encompassing both VR and AR applications.This Special Issue aims to gather and publish original scientific contributions exploring opportunities and addressing challenges in both the theoretical and applied aspects of VR–AR and MR applications in healthcare.

reaction time --- accuracy rate --- serious game --- PC-based game --- MCI --- dementia --- elderly healthcare --- cognitive function --- surgical simulation --- augmented reality --- spine surgery --- hybrid simulator --- pedicle screws fixation training --- unity game engine --- healthcare simulation --- mixed reality --- hybrid --- medical training --- serious games --- rehabilitation --- elderly --- body tracking --- exercise games --- AMD --- salience --- virtual reality --- VR --- preventive care --- self-regulation --- assisted Neurofeedback --- neurostimulation --- mindfulness --- randomized --- serious games BCI --- exergames --- personalized exergames --- multicomponent training --- wearable sensors --- older adults --- game design --- interaction design --- mild cognitive impairment --- machine learning --- feature selection --- data transformations --- classification --- n/a

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This book represents the efforts of different authors to analyze and provide solid evidence that supports training regulations based on monitoring strategies. This Special Issue includes original articles with some diversity, i.e., considering that different age groups, competitive levels, expertise, and conditions were researched regarding the main topics of training load and performance monitoring, recovery, wellbeing, and illness and injury prevention. Psychophysiological aspects were considered, as were locomotor and mechanical demands and tactical responses. The myriad outcomes analyzed present the reader with an overview of the state of the art and possible new directions for future research. In this book, readers will be also able to find systematic reviews about the key topics.

Lifestyle, sport & leisure --- soccer --- training --- competition --- match --- physical responses --- physiological responses --- futsal --- performance --- heart rate variability --- training load --- general wellness --- autonomic function --- contextual variables --- non-lineal locomotion --- inertial devices --- monitoring --- sports performance --- agility --- reaction time --- CODS --- testing --- athletic performance --- cognition --- cycling --- fatigue --- running --- swimming --- ultra-endurance --- collective behaviors --- categories --- centroid --- stretch index --- team behaviour --- tactic --- dyad --- entropy --- relative phase --- HIIT --- power output --- fat reduction --- fitness --- lean body mass --- irisin --- health --- basal metabolism --- incidence --- risk factors --- team sport --- anthropometry --- BIA --- body composition --- football --- predictive equation --- simulated match-play --- leg stiffness --- reactive strength --- EMG --- isokinetic --- functional movement screen --- injury prevention --- core strength --- stability training --- students --- longitudinal study --- match running performance --- professional soccer leagues --- external load --- drill-based games --- interval training --- repeated sprint --- spinal cord injury --- para-athletes --- muscle strength --- disabled persons --- women --- team sports --- elite --- injury

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Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is being increasingly used in neuroscience and clinics. Modern advances include but are not limited to the combination of TMS with precise neuronavigation as well as the integration of TMS into a multimodal environment, e.g., by guiding the TMS application using complementary techniques such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), electroencephalography (EEG), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), or magnetoencephalography (MEG). Furthermore, the impact of stimulation can be identified and characterized by such multimodal approaches, helping to shed light on the basic neurophysiology and TMS effects in the human brain. Against this background, the aim of this Special Issue was to explore advancements in the field of TMS considering both investigations in healthy subjects as well as patients.

Medical equipment & techniques --- brain stimulation --- fiber tractography --- glioblastoma multiforme --- gray matter --- language mapping --- navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation --- Autism spectrum disorder --- evoked and induced gamma oscillations --- EEG --- TMS --- oddball task --- reaction time --- aberrant and repetitive behaviors --- repetition suppression --- neuroplasticity --- transcranial magnetic stimulation --- paired associative stimulation --- nTMS --- intensive care --- motor mapping --- ICU --- neurocritical care --- neuromonitoring --- functional mapping --- motor evoked potentials --- aging --- excitability --- connectivity --- plasticity --- brain tumor --- bilingual --- language --- preoperative mapping --- case report --- CD73 --- adenosine --- A2AR --- A1R --- neuroinflammation --- theta-burst stimulation --- rTMS --- purinergic signaling --- electric field --- eloquent cortex --- motor threshold --- neuronavigation --- presurgical evaluation --- chronic pain --- low back pain --- repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation --- neuromodulation --- dorsolateral prefrontal cortex --- primary motor cortex --- picture naming --- bihemispheric --- action naming --- object naming --- memory --- hippocampus --- brain networks --- non-invasive brain stimulation --- mild cognitive impairment --- Alzheimer’s disease --- stroke --- aphasia --- iTBS --- fMRI --- rehabilitation --- alpha oscillations --- functional connectivity --- source reconstruction --- MEG --- EEG state-dependent TMS --- n/a --- Alzheimer's disease

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Additive manufacturing technology offers the ability to produce personalized products with lower development costs, shorter lead times, less energy consumed during manufacturing and less material waste. It can be used to manufacture complex parts and enables manufacturers to reduce their inventory, make products on-demand, create smaller and localized manufacturing environments, and even reduce supply chains. Additive manufacturing (AM), also known as fabricating three-dimensional (3D) and four-dimensional (4D) components, refers to processes that allow for the direct fabrication of physical products from computer-aided design (CAD) models through the repetitious deposition of material layers. Compared with traditional manufacturing processes, AM allows the production of customized parts from bio- and synthetic polymers without the need for molds or machining typical for conventional formative and subtractive fabrication.In this Special Issue, we aimed to capture the cutting-edge state-of-the-art research pertaining to advancing the additive manufacturing of polymeric materials. The topic themes include advanced polymeric material development, processing parameter optimization, characterization techniques, structure–property relationships, process modelling, etc., specifically for AM.

polylactic acid (PLA) --- natural fibres --- biocomposite --- mechanical properties --- thermoplastic starch --- biopolymer --- composite --- food packaging --- pitch --- polyethylene --- carbon fibres --- extrusion --- blend --- antimicrobial --- antibacterial --- 3D printing --- fused filament fabrication --- composite material --- fused-filament fabrication --- mechanical strength --- naked mole-rat algorithm --- optimization --- process parameters --- bio-based polyethylene composite --- X-ray tomography --- CNT --- MWCNT --- non-covalent functionalisation --- polythiophene --- P3HT --- reaction time --- natural fiber composite --- product design --- sustainability design --- design process --- epoxidized jatropha oil --- shape memory polymer --- bio-based polymer --- jatropha oil --- ABS --- fatigue --- thermo-mechanical loads --- building orientation --- nozzle size --- layer thickness --- drug delivery --- biodegradable polymers --- polymeric scaffolds --- natural bioactive polymers --- antimicrobial properties --- anticancer activity --- tissue engineering --- lattice material --- flexible TPU --- internal architecture --- minimum ignition temperature of dispersed dust --- dust explosion --- dust cloud --- polyamide 12 --- additive technologies --- kenaf fibre --- fibre treatment --- thermal properties --- Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) --- silver nanopowder --- kenaf --- high-density polyethylene

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This book represents the efforts of different authors to analyze and provide solid evidence that supports training regulations based on monitoring strategies. This Special Issue includes original articles with some diversity, i.e., considering that different age groups, competitive levels, expertise, and conditions were researched regarding the main topics of training load and performance monitoring, recovery, wellbeing, and illness and injury prevention. Psychophysiological aspects were considered, as were locomotor and mechanical demands and tactical responses. The myriad outcomes analyzed present the reader with an overview of the state of the art and possible new directions for future research. In this book, readers will be also able to find systematic reviews about the key topics.

Lifestyle, sport & leisure --- soccer --- training --- competition --- match --- physical responses --- physiological responses --- futsal --- performance --- heart rate variability --- training load --- general wellness --- autonomic function --- contextual variables --- non-lineal locomotion --- inertial devices --- monitoring --- sports performance --- agility --- reaction time --- CODS --- testing --- athletic performance --- cognition --- cycling --- fatigue --- running --- swimming --- ultra-endurance --- collective behaviors --- categories --- centroid --- stretch index --- team behaviour --- tactic --- dyad --- entropy --- relative phase --- HIIT --- power output --- fat reduction --- fitness --- lean body mass --- irisin --- health --- basal metabolism --- incidence --- risk factors --- team sport --- anthropometry --- BIA --- body composition --- football --- predictive equation --- simulated match-play --- leg stiffness --- reactive strength --- EMG --- isokinetic --- functional movement screen --- injury prevention --- core strength --- stability training --- students --- longitudinal study --- match running performance --- professional soccer leagues --- external load --- drill-based games --- interval training --- repeated sprint --- spinal cord injury --- para-athletes --- muscle strength --- disabled persons --- women --- team sports --- elite --- injury