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Book
The story of proof : logic and the history of mathematics
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ISBN: 069123437X 9780691234373 Year: 2022 Publisher: Princeton, New Jersey : Princeton University Press,

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Abstract

How the concept of proof has enabled the creation of mathematical knowledgeThe Story of Proof investigates the evolution of the concept of proof—one of the most significant and defining features of mathematical thought—through critical episodes in its history. From the Pythagorean theorem to modern times, and across all major mathematical disciplines, John Stillwell demonstrates that proof is a mathematically vital concept, inspiring innovation and playing a critical role in generating knowledge.Stillwell begins with Euclid and his influence on the development of geometry and its methods of proof, followed by algebra, which began as a self-contained discipline but later came to rival geometry in its mathematical impact. In particular, the infinite processes of calculus were at first viewed as “infinitesimal algebra,” and calculus became an arena for algebraic, computational proofs rather than axiomatic proofs in the style of Euclid. Stillwell proceeds to the areas of number theory, non-Euclidean geometry, topology, and logic, and peers into the deep chasm between natural number arithmetic and the real numbers. In its depths, Cantor, Gödel, Turing, and others found that the concept of proof is ultimately part of arithmetic. This startling fact imposes fundamental limits on what theorems can be proved and what problems can be solved.Shedding light on the workings of mathematics at its most fundamental levels, The Story of Proof offers a compelling new perspective on the field’s power and progress.

Keywords

Proof theory. --- Mathematicians. --- Scientists --- Logic, Symbolic and mathematical --- Accuracy and precision. --- Addition. --- Aleph number. --- Algorithm. --- Analogy. --- Analysis. --- Archimedean property. --- Associative property. --- Axiom of choice. --- Axiom schema. --- Axiom. --- Bijection. --- Calculation. --- Certainty. --- Coefficient. --- Commutative property. --- Computability theory. --- Computability. --- Computable function. --- Computation. --- Constructible number. --- Constructive analysis. --- Continuous function (set theory). --- Corollary. --- Countable set. --- Credential. --- Dedekind cut. --- Desargues's theorem. --- Determinant. --- Direct proof. --- Equation. --- Equinumerosity. --- Estimation. --- Estimator. --- Extreme value theorem. --- Fundamental theorem. --- Gentzen's consistency proof. --- Geometry. --- Hypotenuse. --- Hypothesis. --- Identifiability. --- Inference. --- Infimum and supremum. --- Infinitesimal. --- Intermediate value theorem. --- Intuitionism. --- Logic. --- Logical connective. --- Mathematical induction. --- Mathematician. --- Mathematics. --- Maximal element. --- Natural number. --- Number theory. --- Obstacle. --- Ordinal number. --- Peano axioms. --- Permutation group. --- Permutation. --- Planarity. --- Playfair's axiom. --- Polygon. --- Polynomial. --- Power set. --- Predicate logic. --- Prediction. --- Prime factor. --- Prime number. --- Proof by infinite descent. --- Pythagorean theorem. --- Quantifier (logic). --- Quantity. --- Quaternion. --- Quintic function. --- Rational number. --- Real number. --- Reason. --- Recursively enumerable set. --- Rule of inference. --- Satisfiability. --- Self-reference. --- Sequence. --- Set theory. --- Special case. --- Staffing. --- Subsequence. --- Subset. --- Summation. --- Symbolic computation. --- Symmetry group. --- Theorem. --- Theory. --- Total order. --- Truth value. --- Turing machine. --- Unit square. --- Vector space. --- Well-order. --- Zorn's lemma.


Book
The Mathematical Mechanic : Using Physical Reasoning to Solve Problems
Author:
ISBN: 0691244170 Year: 2022 Publisher: Princeton, NJ : Princeton University Press,

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Everybody knows that mathematics is indispensable to physics--imagine where we'd be today if Einstein and Newton didn't have the math to back up their ideas. But how many people realize that physics can be used to produce many astonishing and strikingly elegant solutions in mathematics? Mark Levi shows how in this delightful book, treating readers to a host of entertaining problems and mind-bending puzzlers that will amuse and inspire their inner physicist.Levi turns math and physics upside down, revealing how physics can simplify proofs and lead to quicker solutions and new theorems, and how physical solutions can illustrate why results are true in ways lengthy mathematical calculations never can. Did you know it's possible to derive the Pythagorean theorem by spinning a fish tank filled with water? Or that soap film holds the key to determining the cheapest container for a given volume? Or that the line of best fit for a data set can be found using a mechanical contraption made from a rod and springs? Levi demonstrates how to use physical intuition to solve these and other fascinating math problems. More than half the problems can be tackled by anyone with precalculus and basic geometry, while the more challenging problems require some calculus. This one-of-a-kind book explains physics and math concepts where needed, and includes an informative appendix of physical principles.The Mathematical Mechanic will appeal to anyone interested in the little-known connections between mathematics and physics and how both endeavors relate to the world around us.

Keywords

Mathematical physics. --- Problem solving. --- MATHEMATICS / General. --- Methodology --- Psychology --- Decision making --- Executive functions (Neuropsychology) --- Physical mathematics --- Physics --- Mathematics --- Addition. --- Analytic function. --- Angular acceleration. --- Angular velocity. --- Axle. --- Calculation. --- Capacitor. --- Cartesian coordinate system. --- Cauchy's integral formula. --- Center of mass (relativistic). --- Center of mass. --- Centroid. --- Ceva's theorem. --- Clockwise. --- Complex analysis. --- Complex number. --- Conservation of energy. --- Convex curve. --- Curvature. --- Curve. --- Cylinder (geometry). --- Derivative. --- Diameter. --- Differential geometry. --- Dimension. --- Division by zero. --- Dot product. --- Eigenvalues and eigenvectors. --- Electric current. --- Equation. --- Euler's formula. --- Euler–Lagrange equation. --- Fermat's principle. --- Friction. --- Fundamental theorem of calculus. --- Gaussian curvature. --- Generating function. --- Geodesic curvature. --- Geometry. --- Gravity. --- Green's theorem. --- Heat flux. --- Hinge. --- Hooke's law. --- Horizontal plane. --- Hypotenuse. --- Inductance. --- Instant. --- Kinetic energy. --- Line integral. --- Linear map. --- Mathematics. --- Mechanics. --- Moment of inertia. --- Newton's laws of motion. --- Normal (geometry). --- Ohm's law. --- Optics. --- Partial derivative. --- Potential energy. --- Proportionality (mathematics). --- Pythagorean theorem. --- Quadratic function. --- Quantity. --- Rectangle. --- Resistor. --- Right angle. --- Right triangle. --- Second law of thermodynamics. --- Semicircle. --- Series and parallel circuits. --- Sign (mathematics). --- Slinky. --- Snell's law. --- Soap bubble. --- Soap film. --- Special case. --- Spring (device). --- Stiffness. --- Summation. --- Surface area. --- Surface tension. --- Tangent space. --- Tangent. --- Telescope. --- Theorem. --- Thought experiment. --- Tractrix. --- Trapezoid. --- Trigonometric functions. --- Two-dimensional gas. --- Uncertainty principle. --- Unit circle. --- Unit vector. --- Vacuum. --- Variable (mathematics). --- Vector field. --- Voltage drop. --- Voltage. --- Wavefront.

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