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Prisoners of war. --- Europe. --- United States. --- Exchange of prisoners of war --- POWs (Prisoners of war) --- War prisoners --- Prisoners --- Council of Europe countries --- Eastern Hemisphere --- Eurasia

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In this global and comparative study of Pacific War incarceration environments we explore the arc of the Pacific Basin as an archipelagic network of militarized penal sites. Grounded in spatial, physical and material analyses focused on experiences of civilian internees, minority citizens, and enemy prisoners of war, the book offers an architectural and urban understanding of the unfolding history and aftermath of World War II in the Pacific. Examples are drawn from Australia, New Zealand, Singapore, Japan, and North America. The Architecture of Confinement highlights the contrasting physical facilities, urban formations and material character of various camps and the ways in which these uncover different interpretations of wartime sovereignty. The exclusion and material deprivation of selective populations within these camp environments extends the practices by which land, labor and capital are expropriated in settler-colonial societies; practices critical to identity formation and endemic to their legacies of liberal democracy.

World War, 1939-1945 --- Japanese Americans --- Prisoners of war --- Architecture and war --- Internment camps --- Prisoner-of-war camps --- Concentration camps --- History. --- Forced removal and internment, 1942-1945. --- History --- P.O.W. camps --- POW camps --- Military camps --- Prisons --- Incarceration camps --- Detention of persons --- War and architecture --- War --- Buildings --- Military architecture --- Exchange of prisoners of war --- POWs (Prisoners of war) --- War prisoners --- Prisoners --- Forced removal of Japanese Americans, 1942-1945 --- Internment of Japanese Americans, 1942-1945 --- European War, 1939-1945 --- Second World War, 1939-1945 --- World War 2, 1939-1945 --- World War II, 1939-1945 --- World War Two, 1939-1945 --- WW II (World War, 1939-1945) --- WWII (World War, 1939-1945) --- History, Modern --- Housing --- War damage --- Evacuation and relocation, 1942-1945 --- Forced removal of civilians --- Prisoners of war. --- Prisoner-of-war camps. --- Concentration camps. --- Prisoners and prisons

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After the entry of the Red Army into Czechoslovak territory in 1945, Red Army authorities began to arrest and deport Czechoslovak citizens to labor camps in the Soviet Union. The regions most affected were Eastern and South Slovakia and Prague. The Czechoslovak authorities repeatedly requested a halt to the deportations and that the deported Czechoslovaks be returned immediately. It took a long time before these protests generated any response. Czechoslovak Diplomacy and the Gulag focuses on the diplomatic and political aspects of the deportations. The author explains the steps taken by the Czechoslovak Government in the repatriation agenda from 1945 to 1953 and reconstructs the negotiations with the Soviets. The research tries to answer the question of why and how the Russians deported the civilian population from Czechoslovakia which was their allied country already during the war. Key words: 1. World War, 1939–1945—Deportations from Czechoslovakia. 2. Forced labor—Soviet Union—History. 3. Labor camps—Soviet Union—History. 4. Czechs—Soviet Union—History. 5. Slovaks—Soviet Union—History. 6. Czechoslovakia—Foreign relations—Soviet Union. 7. Soviet Union—Foreign relations—Czechoslovakia. 8. Czechoslovakia—Foreign relations—1945–1992. 9. Repatriation—Czechoslovakia—History.

Repatriation --- Slovaks --- Czechs --- Labor camps --- Forced labor --- World War, 1939-1945 --- Deportation --- Camps, Labor --- Construction camps --- Working class --- Bohemians (Czech Republic) --- Ethnology --- Aliens --- Emigration and immigration --- Emigration and immigration law --- International law --- Refoulement --- Return migration --- History. --- Deportations from Czechoslovakia. --- Dwellings --- Czechoslovakia --- Soviet Union --- Foreign relations --- Diplomacy, Forced labor, Foreign relations, Prisoners of war, Repatriation, World War II.

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It is generally accepted that detention in armed conflicts is an inevitable security measure that all warring parties use extensively in their daily operations. In such violent contexts, the legal protection afforded to detainees may be lifesaving. International humanitarian law (IHL) treaties recognise this reality in international armed conflicts by incorporating safeguards from unlawful and arbitrary detention in formulated legal grounds and procedural guarantees that the detaining powers are obliged to follow. The same guarantees are, however, not afforded to people affected by non-international armed conflicts under IHL. Instead, in the absence of a clearly defined international normative framework, security detention remains among the least regulated aspects of military behaviour in this type of armed conflict.

Civil war --- Non-state actors (International relations) --- Detention of persons. --- Prisoners of war --- Ukraine Conflict, 2014 --- -Afghan War, 2001-2021 --- Guerre --- Acteurs non étatiques (relations internationales) --- Détention de personnes --- Prisonniers de guerre --- Guerre du Donbass (2014-....) --- Protection of civilians. --- Legal status, laws, etc. --- Law and legislation. --- Protection des civils --- Statut juridique --- Syria --- Afghanistan --- Syrie --- History --- Ethnic conflict --- Political violence --- Violence --- Political crimes and offenses --- Terrorism --- Conflict, Ethnic --- Ethnic violence --- Inter-ethnic conflict --- Interethnic conflict --- Ethnic relations --- Social conflict --- Humanitarian law. --- Droit humanitaire --- Acteurs non étatiques (relations internationales) --- Détention de personnes

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L’originalité de cette étude sur la détention dans les conflits armés non internationaux découle principalement de l’articulation entre la norme du droit international humanitaire et celle du droit international des droits de l’homme. Tout en respectant le principe d’égalité face à la norme de droit international humanitaire, cette articulation permet de dégager, d’une part, les aspects communs à toutes les parties au conflit armé non international et, d’autre part, les spécificités d’une détention réalisée par les groupes armés et celle réalisée par les États. Ce modèle normatif présente principalement l’avantage tant de prendre en considération la réalité du droit opposable aux parties que de se projeter dans une perspective de lege ferenda. Il a pour mérite d’apporter une réponse réaliste et pragmatique à des aspects plus complexes que constituent la base légale, le motif et les garanties judiciaires de la détention dans les CANI. Il permet ainsi aux parties et aux CANI, tout en conservant ce qui leur est commun, d’appliquer les obligations que l’ordre juridique international leur impose dans leur spécificité.

Criminal law. Criminal procedure --- Conflits armés non internationaux --- Droits de l'homme (droit international) --- Prisons --- Détention de personnes --- Victimes de guerre --- Droit humanitaire --- Droit. --- Statut juridique --- Detention of persons --- Prisoners of war --- Humanitarian law --- Human rights --- War (International law) --- Prisonniers de guerre --- Droits de l'homme (Droit international) --- Guerre (Droit international) --- Legal status, laws, etc. --- Droit --- BPB2208 --- emprisonnement --- guerre --- ozbrojený konflikt --- relvastatud konflikt --- fegyveres konfliktus --- väpnad konflikt --- aseellinen selkkaus --- conflitto --- oružani sukob --- válečný konflikt --- conflitto armato --- invasione armata --- bewaffneter Konflikt --- konflikt i armatosur --- εμπόλεμη κατάσταση --- armed conflict --- conflit armé --- ginkluotas konfliktas --- σύρραξη --- apertura delle ostilità --- gewapend conflict --- væbnet konflikt --- bewaffnete Auseinandersetzung --- conflict armat --- relvakonflikt --- dichiarazione di guerra --- conflito armado --- conflicto armado --- ozbrojený útočný čin --- ένοπλη σύγκρουση --- вооружен судир --- cogadh --- háború --- karas --- rat --- karš --- luftë --- válka --- Krieg --- wojna --- војна --- war --- sota --- krig --- рат --- πόλεμος --- vojna --- война --- război --- guerra --- sõda --- oorlog --- gwerra --- zatvaranje --- solitary confinement --- одземање на слободата --- reclusione --- detention --- vapaudenriisto --- ndalim --- затворање --- reclusão --- vrijheidsbeneming --- казна затвор --- szabadságvesztés --- Freiheitsentzug --- internering --- detenção --- bebörtönöztetés --- vanglakaristus --- imprigionamento --- samotka --- куќен притвор --- vrijheidsstraf --- brīvības atņemšana --- uvěznění --- straffarbete --- κράτηση --- detenzione --- притворање --- zbavenie slobody --- uväznenie --- vangin eristäminen --- одредување мерка притвор --- fogvatartás --- vabadusekaotus --- κάθειρξη --- üksikvangistus --- réclusion --- kalinimas vienutėje --- bewaring --- börtönbüntetés --- hechtenis --- oduzimanje slobode --- deprivation of liberty --- detenție --- regim de carceră --- laisvės atėmimas --- Freiheitsentziehung --- frihetsberövande --- arest --- privação da liberdade --- pidättäminen --- opsluiting --- privación de libertad --- sulaikymas --- reclusión --- frihedsberøvelse --- privazione della libertà --- heqje e lirisë --- magánzárka --- détention --- privation de liberté --- privare de libertate --- στέρηση ελευθερίας --- fængsling --- odnětí svobody --- fängelsestraff --- imprisonment --- encarceramento --- priġunerija --- ieslodzījums --- burgim --- encarcelamiento --- Inhaftierung --- carcerazione --- zapor --- kazna zatvora --- vangistus --- лишување од слобода --- vankeus --- лишаване от свобода --- príosúnacht --- detențiune --- odňatie slobody --- szabadságelvonás --- gevangenisstraf --- φυλάκιση --- įkalinimas --- pozbawienie wolności --- казна затвора