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Surgery. --- Surgery, Primitive --- Medicine
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Résoudre les énigmes posées par les règles du mariage aux ethnologues, notamment celle de la prohibition de l’inceste, telle est la tâche que se proposaient initialement Les Structures élémentaires de la parenté. Les deux chapitres introductifs, objets de la présente édition, n’en abordent pas moins des questions philosophiques cruciales : où finit la nature et où commence la culture ? Quelles sont les parts respectives de chacune en l’homme ? Comment l’homme se distingue-t-il, sous ce rapport, de l’animal ? C’est ainsi du point de vue de l’ethnologie que le texte de Lévi-Strauss apporte matière et méthode à la réflexion philosophique.
Kinship --- Marriage --- Primitive societies
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Communication. --- Communication, Primitive --- Mass communication --- Sociology
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Surgery. --- Surgery, Primitive --- Medicine --- Cirurgia maxil·lofacial
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Surgery. --- Surgery, Primitive --- Medicine --- Hèrnia --- Cirurgia
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Anthropology. --- Primitive societies --- Social sciences --- Human beings
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This monograph considers not so much the moments, thoughts, speculations with which the so-called 'Cappadocian Fathers' agreed and proposed a unified doctrine, but the points and moments, the doctrines in which they disagreed. Thus, it is not a new book on the Cappadocian Fathers considered as a unity, which surely would have come to a huge dimension, but asks the question: Is it possible to speak of agreement and, at the same time, of differentiation between these Fathers? Is it useful to change, at least in part, an established opinion, that of the 'Cappadocian theology'? The examination of the various problems leads to an affirmative answer. Concordia discors might be the true sense. So far, studies have mostly focused on the religious aspects and have shown little or no interest in the Cappadocians' output as literature. Cultivated people with a background in paideia, which was the same as for non-Christian writers, these Fathers wished to have access to the literary forms that were most useful for their didactic activities (homilies), or also rhetorical use (epistolography or poetry): thus, literary activity should not be considered as extraneous to their speculative thought. Their interest in philosophy can be traced to their openness to pagan paideia, which had a long tradition in Christianity. Another question that arises is the need to clarify who exactly the 'Cappadocian Fathers' were. Naturally, Amphilochius, due to his relations with Basil and Gregory of Nazianzus, but as it is justified by the similarities of many doctrines and by his biography, also Evagrius Ponticus, even though his personal affairs and the end of his life place him more within Egyptian rather than Cappadocian monasticism. A sketch of the Cappadocian's Nachleben in the West, with a provisional edition of a Latin translation (6th century) of some Gregory of Nazianzus' homilies and Christological epistles concludes the volume.
Pères cappadociens --- Littérature chrétienne primitive --- Cappadocian Fathers
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The medieval dissenters known as 'Waldenses', named after their first founder, Valdes of Lyons, have long attracted careful scholarly study, especially from specialists writing in Italian, French and German. Waldenses were found across continental Europe, from Aragon to the Baltic and East-Central Europe. They were long-lived, resilient, and diverse. They lived in a special relationship with the prevailing Catholic culture, making use of the Church's services but challenging its claims. Many Waldenses are known mostly, or only, because of the punitive measures taken by inquisitors and the Church hierarchy against them. This volume brings for the first time a wide-ranging, multi-authored interpretation of the medieval Waldenses to an English-language readership, across Europe and over the four centuries until the Reformation. Contributors include: Marina Benedetti, Peter Biller, Luciana Borghi Cedrini, Euan Cameron, Jacques Chiffoleau, Albert De Lange, Andrea Giraudo, Franck Mercier, Grado Giovanni Merlo, Georg Modestin, Martine Ostorero, Damian J. Smith, Claire Taylor, and Kathrin Utz Tremp.
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Ethnophilosophy --- Folk philosophy --- Indigenous peoples --- Philosophy, Primitive --- Primitive philosophy --- Cognition and culture --- Ethnology --- Philosophy
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Le sens du développement historique de temps long, les rapports entre modes de production et les passages de l'un à l'autre - esclavagiste, féodal, asiatique et bien sûr capitaliste - ont été constamment remis sur le métier par Karl Marx et par Friedrich Engels et furent au centre de débats fondamentaux sur leurs œuvres. Publié pour la première fois en 1973 par le Centre d'études et de recherches marxistes (Cerm), ce recueil paraît dans une édition augmentée. Aux textes de Marx et Engels (dont les traductions françaises ont été actualisées à partir des éditions les plus récentes) et à la célèbre introduction de Maurice Godelier s'ajoutent trois courts essais qui présentent les réflexions antérieures et postérieures de l'anthropologue sur ces questions. Une préface inédite de Maurice Godelier resitue l'arrière-plan idéologique et théorique à partir duquel Marx et Engels pensent ces questions et donne à comprendre leur évolution théorique. Ainsi se trouvent interrogées à nouveaux frais toute une série d'affirmations mécanistes sur le développement économique, social et idéologique des sociétés de classes, en éprouvant la pertinence des concepts utilisés par Marx et Engels : mode de production asiatique, transition, formations économiques et sociales, formes, etc.
Capitalisme. --- Société primitive. --- Marxisme. --- Société primitive --- Mode de production asiatique --- Capitalisme --- Anthologies --- Socialism --- Marxian economics
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