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In search for alternatives to conventional pesticides, priming appeared to be an interesting finding as a prophylactic treatment of crops, at low fitness cost. In this respect, only few research has been conducted on the priming potential of essential oils, which are already known for their multiple properties and are raising interest in agriculture. The priming effect of seed coating with (the thujone- free) Artemisia absinthium L. var. candial® essential oil (AEO) on Solanum lycopersicum L. has been proven effective against Fusarium oxysporum. Therefore, in this study, its effect against the common pests Myzus persicae and Meloidogyne javanica, respectively on Capsicum annuum L. and S. lycopersicum, was investigated. In vitro assays confirmed that AEO was not nematicidal, had a low activity against aphids and that it was not phytotoxic to pepper. It was detrimental for tomato seeds’ germination from a concentration of 5 mg/mL but the in vivo experiments highlighted that the resulting plants were, visually, healthy. On one hand, the biological observations made during the in vivo assays showed no effect against M. javanica but an increase in reproduction of M. persicae on treated peppers and significant differences in weight of roots and aerials. On the other hand, GC- and HPLC- MS analyses of the secondary metabolites synthesized in the aerial parts of both peppers and tomatoes, revealed that the seed coating by AEO, did trigger a response. To allocate the differences observed between treated, non-treated, infected and non-infected plants, to priming of defenses, additional data need to be collected. The most promising route for further investigation would be to apply the AEO-priming-treatment at a later growth stage. Several suggestions are provided in the perspectives. Dans la recherche d’alternatives aux pesticides conventionnels, le «priming» représente une découverte intéressante en tant que traitement prophylactique, à moindre coût pour les plantes cultivées. Très peu de recherches ont été effectuées dans cette optique, sur les huiles essentielles, dont les multiples propriétés sont pourtant bien connues et rencontrent un succès grandissant dans le domaine de l’agriculture. L’effet de « priming » de l’huile essentielle d’Artemisia absinthium L. (HEA) (de la variété candial® qui ne possède pas de thujone), administrée par enrobage de la graine, a déjà été démontré sur Solanum lycopersicum L. contre Fusarium oxysporum. C’est pourquoi, dans le cadre de ce travail, son effet contre les ravageurs communs Myzus persicae et Meloidogyne javanica, sur respectivement, Capsicum annuum L. et S. lycopersicum a été investigué. Les essais in vitro ont confirmé que l’HEA n’était pas nématicide, possédait une faible activité contre les pucerons et n’était pas phytotoxique pour le poivron. Elle était néfaste pour la germination des graines de tomate à partir d’une concentration de 5 mg/mL mais les expériences in vivo ont mis en évidence que les plantes en résultant étaient, visuellement, saines. En ce qui concerne les essais in vivo, d’une part, les observations biologiques n’ont montré aucun effet contre M. javanica mais une augmentation de la reproduction de M. persicae sur les poivrons traités et des différences significatives entre les poids des racines et des parties aériennes des poivrons testés. D’autre part, les analyses GC- et HPLC-MS des métabolites secondaires synthétisés dans les parties aériennes des poivrons et des tomates, ont révélé que l’enrobage des graines avec l’HEA, a bel et bien stimulé une réponse chez les plantes. Pour pouvoir attribuer les différences observées, entre plantes traitées, non-traitées, infectées et non-infectées, au « priming », des données supplémentaires devraient être récoltées. La piste la plus prometteuse pour approfondir les recherches futures serait d’appliquer le traitement de l’HEA à un stade de développement de la plante, plus avancé. Plusieurs suggestions sont formulées dans les perspectives.

essential oil --- plant defense --- priming --- nematode --- aphid --- tomato --- pepper --- huile essentielle --- défense des plantes --- "priming" --- nématode --- puceron --- tomate --- poivron --- Sciences du vivant > Multidisciplinaire, généralités & autres

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"An examination of an important yet understudied aspect of Italian Renaissance paintings: their lush and detailed backgrounds and surfaces"--

Painting --- painting techniques --- priming [coating process] --- painting [image-making] --- background --- anno 1400-1499 --- anno 1500-1599 --- Italy --- Peinture de la Renaissance --- Painting, Renaissance --- Painting, Italian. --- Background (Art) --- Ground (Coatings)

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The regenerative and immunomodulatory properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have made these cells the focus of multiple pre-clinical studies and clinical trials. While the results from these clinical studies have established that MSCs are safe, the efficacy of these cells is not as well-established. In this regard, there have been increased efforts towards generating potentiated/activated MSCs with enhanced therapeutic efficacy. Research on the mechanisms for enhancing MSC potency and efficacy is an area of active study with great potential for translation into clinical settings. The purpose of this book is to bring together recent research from a broad range of topics relating to potentiation strategies for enhancing MSC therapeutic efficacy, including growth factor pre-conditioning, hypoxia, and 3D culture. The research compiled in this book increases the basic understanding of MSC culture techniques and describes some MSC preparations for potential novel therapeutic applications.

Medicine --- cell therapy --- immunomodulation --- polyunsaturated fatty acid --- CD206 --- phagocytosis --- mesenchymal stem cells --- Vadadustat --- AKB-6548 --- preconditioning --- priming --- secretome --- chemotaxis --- Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cells --- umbilical cord --- oxygen conditions --- secretory profile --- neuroprotection --- mesenchymal stromal cells --- 3D culture --- neurospheres --- spheroids --- pluripotency --- neural --- quiescence --- mesothelioma --- malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) --- liver cirrhosis --- placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells --- WKYMVm --- combination therapy --- iPSC-derived MSCs --- iMSC secretome --- pre-conditioning --- angiogenesis --- IFN-γ --- hypoxia --- potentiation of iMSC efficacy --- nanofiber-hydrogel composite --- spinal cord injury --- inflammation --- macrophages --- secondary injury --- astrocytes --- axon growth --- adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs) --- autophagy --- rapamycin --- 3-methyladenine --- immunosuppression --- exosome --- engineered cardiac patches --- adipose-derived stem cell --- paracrine potential --- osteogenic differentiation --- hepatocyte growth factor --- fibroblast growth factor 2

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This Special Issue includes original research and reviews of the literature focusing on food labels, which are a tool to promote public health that, at the same time, may represent a marketing tool and may influence consumers’ perception of food quality.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Food & society --- nutritional labelling --- food choices --- comprehension --- perception --- Dutch consumers --- food policies --- front-of-pack nutrition label --- traffic light --- health star --- Nutri-Score --- reference intake --- warning label --- serving size --- portion size --- food labeling --- nutrition facts label --- back of pack --- front of pack --- health framing --- breakfast cereals --- food labelling --- nutrition declaration --- nutritional quality --- gluten free --- nutrition and health claims --- salt information --- salt content --- salt label --- sodium label --- sodium information --- nutritional information --- nutritional labeling --- salt information use --- nutrition knowledge --- nutrition facts --- food cue reactivity --- sugar --- eye tracking --- priming --- color --- nutrition facts panel --- food label --- consumer behavior --- food decision making --- food packaging --- food choice --- nutrition --- front-of-pack labelling --- health star rating --- nutrition labelling --- consumer perception --- qualitative research --- nutrition labeling --- food processing --- nutrition policy --- Spain --- food analysis --- dietary sugars --- reformulation --- organic food --- health food --- nutrient content claims --- health claims --- nutrient profile --- menu labeling --- food and nutrition policy --- restaurant chains --- energy --- obesity --- quality carbohydrate --- dietary fibre --- whole grains --- glycemic index --- latent class modeling --- traditional meat product, mangalica sausage --- online nutrition intervention --- theory of planned behavior --- nutrition labels --- consumer attitude --- perceived healthiness --- product attributes --- healthy food --- consumer choice --- extra virgin olive oil --- hedonic price model --- country of origin --- energy density --- children --- food supply --- front-of-pack label --- discretionary --- entomophagy --- insect-based foods --- edible insects --- food sustainability --- perception of food --- novel food --- disgust --- neophobia --- variety seeking --- food technology neophobia --- consumer studies --- behavior --- labelling --- carbohydrate quality --- ICQC --- consensus --- food label use --- front-of-package (FOP) labels --- back-of-package (BOP) labels --- nutrition claims --- choice experiment --- willingness to pay (WTP) --- consumers' preferences --- sustainability label --- nutrition and health claim --- fish species --- allergen labelling --- Latin America --- packaged food products --- supermarket circulars --- ultra-processed --- pasta --- nutritional composition