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Survivors tells the harrowing story of life in Warsaw under Nazi occupation. As the epicenter of Polish resistance, Warsaw was subjected to violent persecution, the ghettoization of the city's Jewish community, the suppression of multiple uprisings, and an avalanche of restrictions that killed hundreds of thousands and destroyed countless lives. In this study into the unique brutality of wartime Warsaw, Jadwiga Biskupska traces how Nazi Germany set out to dismantle the Polish nation and state for long-term occupation by targeting its intelligentsia. She explores how myriad resistance projects emerged within the intelligentsia who were bent on maintaining national traditions and rebuilding a Polish state. In contrast to other studies on the Holocaust and Second World War, this book focuses on Polish behavior and explains who was in a position to contest the occupation or collaborate with it, while answering lingering questions and addressing controversies about the Nazi empire and the Holocaust in Eastern Europe.

World War, 1939-1945 --- Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) --- Underground movements --- Warsaw (Poland) --- Poland --- History --- Warszawa (Poland) --- Varsovie (Poland) --- Warschau (Poland) --- Varshah (Poland) --- Varsovia (Poland) --- Varshava (Poland) --- Fārṣūfyā (Poland) --- Fārshāfā (Poland) --- Varsavia (Poland) --- Ṿarshe (Poland) --- Ṿarsha (Poland) --- Varsovio (Poland) --- Capital City of Warsaw (Poland) --- Miasto Stołeczne Warszawa (Poland) --- Warszewa (Poland) --- Warszowa (Poland) --- Poland. --- Poyln --- Polska Rzeczpospolita Ludowa --- Polʹsha --- P.N.R. --- P.R.L. --- Pologne --- Polish Commonwealth --- Polonia --- Warsaw (Duchy) --- Polska --- Polsko --- T︠S︡arstvo Polʹskoe --- Królestwo Polskie --- Polʹskai︠a︡ Narodnai︠a︡ Respublika --- PNR --- PRL --- Poljska --- Lehastan --- Polin --- Būlūniyā --- Polonyah --- République populaire de Pologne --- Polen --- Ppolsŭkka --- Polish People's Republic --- Republic of Poland --- Poland (Territory under German occupation, 1939-1945) --- Generalgouvernement (Poland) --- Generalne Gubernatorstwo (Poland) --- General Government (Poland) --- Heneralʹna hubernii︠a︡ (Poland) --- Rzeczpospolita Polska --- Polish Republic --- Congress Kingdom of Poland --- Congress Poland --- Królestwo Kongresowe Polskie --- Kongresówka --- Kingdom of Poland --- Lahistān --- لهستان --- Polandia --- Полшэ --- Polshė --- Pole --- Republiek van Pole --- Republik Pole --- Polaland --- Polisce Cynewise --- Полша --- Полониа --- بولندا --- Būlandā --- Polóña --- Tavakuairetã Polóña --- Польша --- Puluña --- Ripublika Puluña --- Polşa --- Polşa Respublikası --- Pulandia --- Ripublik Pulandia --- Pho-lân --- Pho-lân Kiōng-hô-kok --- Польшча --- Polʹshcha --- Рэспубліка Польшча --- Rėspublika Polʹshcha --- Polonya --- Република Полша --- Republika Polsha --- Poin --- Republika Poljska --- Польшо --- Polʹsho --- Bu̇gėdė Naĭramdakha Polʹsho Ulas --- Polská republika --- Polaki --- Gwlad Pwyl --- Gweriniaeth Gwlad Pwyl --- Republikken Polen --- Republik Polen --- Poola --- Poola Vabariik --- Πολωνία --- Pulógna --- Польша Мастор --- Polʹsha Mastor --- República de Polonia --- Pollando --- Respubliko Pollando --- Repúbrica de Poloña --- Poloniako Errepublika --- Pólland --- République de Pologne --- Poalen --- Poloonya --- Polonie --- An Pholainn --- Pholainn --- Poblacht na Polainne --- Yn Pholynn --- Pholynn --- Pobblaght ny Polynn --- A' Phòlainn --- Poblachd na Pòlainn --- Borandi --- Pô-làn --- Польшин Орн --- Polʹshin Orn --- 폴란드 --- P'ollandŭ --- Pōlani --- Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth --- Crown of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania --- Commonwealth of Poland --- Lehastani Hanrapetutʻyun --- Польшæ --- Polʹshæ --- Польшæйы Республикæ --- Polʹshæĭy Respublikæ --- IPoland --- IPolandi --- Lýðveldið Pólland --- Repubblica di Polonia --- פולין --- רפובליקת פולין --- Republiḳat Polin --- Poleni --- Kunngiitsuuffik Poleni --- Pòlskô Repùblika --- Poloni --- Polonye --- Polòy --- Puoleja --- Puolejis Republika --- Polija --- Polijas Republika --- Lenkija --- Lenkijos Respublika --- Polsca --- Republica de Polsca --- Pol'šu --- Polskas --- Bupoolo --- Bupolska --- Ripablik kya Bupoolo --- Lengyelország --- Lengyel Köztársaság --- General Government for Occupied Polish Territories --- Lithuania (Grand Duchy)

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95 documents on the events that represent a pivotal moment in modern Polish and world history: 16 months between August 1980 when the Solidarity trade union was founded and December 1981 when Polish authorities declared martial law and crushed the nationwide opposition movement that had grown up around the union. Transcripts of Soviet and Polish Politburo meetings give a detailed picture of the goals, motivations and deliberations of the leaders of these countries. Records of Warsaw Pact gatherings, notes of bilateral sessions of the communist camp provide additional pieces to the puzzle of what Moscow and its allies had in mind. Materials are included from Solidarity, too.

NSZZ "Solidarność" (Labor organization) --- Solidarité (Labor organization) --- Solidarität (Labor organization) --- Solidarność (Labor organization) --- Niezależny Samorządny Związek Zawodowy "Solidarność" --- Solidarity (Labor organization) --- Solidarnostʹ (Labor organization) --- Solidaridad (Labor organization) --- Solidariedade (Labor organization) --- Solidarita (Labor organization) --- Irgun "Solidariyut" (Poland) --- Solidariyut (Labor organization) --- Gewerkschaft Solidarność --- אירגון סולידריות --- Solidaritatea (Labor organization) --- History --- Poland --- Poyln --- Polska Rzeczpospolita Ludowa --- Polʹsha --- P.N.R. --- P.R.L. --- Pologne --- Polish Commonwealth --- Polonia --- Warsaw (Duchy) --- Polska --- Polsko --- T︠S︡arstvo Polʹskoe --- Królestwo Polskie --- Polʹskai︠a︡ Narodnai︠a︡ Respublika --- PNR --- PRL --- Poljska --- Lehastan --- Polin --- Būlūniyā --- Polonyah --- République populaire de Pologne --- Polen --- Ppolsŭkka --- Polish People's Republic --- Republic of Poland --- Poland (Territory under German occupation, 1939-1945) --- Generalgouvernement (Poland) --- Generalne Gubernatorstwo (Poland) --- General Government (Poland) --- Heneralʹna hubernii︠a︡ (Poland) --- Rzeczpospolita Polska --- Polish Republic --- Congress Kingdom of Poland --- Congress Poland --- Królestwo Kongresowe Polskie --- Kongresówka --- Kingdom of Poland --- Lahistān --- لهستان --- Polandia --- Полшэ --- Polshė --- Pole --- Republiek van Pole --- Republik Pole --- Polaland --- Polisce Cynewise --- Полша --- Полониа --- بولندا --- Būlandā --- Polóña --- Tavakuairetã Polóña --- Польша --- Puluña --- Ripublika Puluña --- Polşa --- Polşa Respublikası --- Pulandia --- Ripublik Pulandia --- Pho-lân --- Pho-lân Kiōng-hô-kok --- Польшча --- Polʹshcha --- Рэспубліка Польшча --- Rėspublika Polʹshcha --- Polonya --- Република Полша --- Republika Polsha --- Poin --- Republika Poljska --- Польшо --- Polʹsho --- Bu̇gėdė Naĭramdakha Polʹsho Ulas --- Polská republika --- Polaki --- Gwlad Pwyl --- Gweriniaeth Gwlad Pwyl --- Republikken Polen --- Republik Polen --- Poola --- Poola Vabariik --- Πολωνία --- Pulógna --- Польша Мастор --- Polʹsha Mastor --- República de Polonia --- Pollando --- Respubliko Pollando --- Repúbrica de Poloña --- Poloniako Errepublika --- Pólland --- République de Pologne --- Poalen --- Poloonya --- Polonie --- An Pholainn --- Pholainn --- Poblacht na Polainne --- Yn Pholynn --- Pholynn --- Pobblaght ny Polynn --- A' Phòlainn --- Poblachd na Pòlainn --- Borandi --- Pô-làn --- Польшин Орн --- Polʹshin Orn --- 폴란드 --- P'ollandŭ --- Pōlani --- Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth --- Crown of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania --- Commonwealth of Poland --- Lehastani Hanrapetutʻyun --- Польшæ --- Polʹshæ --- Польшæйы Республикæ --- Polʹshæĭy Respublikæ --- IPoland --- IPolandi --- Lýðveldið Pólland --- Repubblica di Polonia --- פולין --- רפובליקת פולין --- Republiḳat Polin --- Poleni --- Kunngiitsuuffik Poleni --- Pòlskô Repùblika --- Poloni --- Polonye --- Polòy --- Puoleja --- Puolejis Republika --- Polija --- Polijas Republika --- Lenkija --- Lenkijos Respublika --- Polsca --- Republica de Polsca --- Pol'šu --- Polskas --- Bupoolo --- Bupolska --- Ripablik kya Bupoolo --- Lengyelország --- Lengyel Köztársaság --- General Government for Occupied Polish Territories --- Lithuania (Grand Duchy) --- Politics and government --- HISTORY / Europe / Poland. --- 20th century, Cold War, History, Poland, Political studies, Sources, Soviet Union. --- NSZZ "Solidarnosc" (Labor organization)

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According to the European Commission, two recent policies: the Digital Service Act and the Digital Market Act will allow for the regulation of a significant part of the EU Digital Single Market (DSM), to an extent similar to the creation of the traditional internal market in the early 1990s. The provisions are intended to improve conditions in the EU DSM to ensure that the market is as free and fair as it is safe for users of the digital economy. This interdisciplinary book analyses the impact of digital technologies on specific markets and, more broadly, the society and the economy. It identifies and assesses the different features, challenges, trends and dimensions of the EU DSM, from a legal and economic viewpoint, and also from a Polish perspective. Poland is presented as one of the EU countries participating in the creation of the EU DSM and is analysed alongside the average, as well as the best and the worst performing EU member states and compared with other non-EU members. The book addresses several broad areas in which the implications of digitalisation are particularly visible, and which are important to the "average" person: giant online platforms, freedom of speech, e-commerce, digital levy, energy infrastructure, and the labour market. The authors have presented opportunities and threats related to the functioning of the digital market. These opportunities and threats are typical of highly developed countries while reflecting the specific features of the EU DSM. The starting point of the considerations are the diverse experiences of the EU member states.

digital single market --- digital economy --- single market --- Poland --- European Union --- UE/CE Marché unique --- Economie numérique --- Pologne --- EU/EC European Union --- UE/CE Union européenne --- Poľsko --- Lenkija --- Πολωνία --- Polónia --- Lengyelország --- Puola --- il-Polonja --- Polska --- Polonia --- Poola --- An Pholainn --- Полша --- Poljska --- Polen --- Полска --- Пољска --- Polija --- Polsko --- Polijas Republika --- Repubblica di Polonia --- Republica Polonă --- Δημοκρατία της Πολωνίας --- Republiek Polen --- Lenkijos Respublika --- Puolan tasavalta --- Република Пољска --- Lengyel Köztársaság --- Republikken Polen --- Rzeczpospolita Polska --- Poľská republika --- República de Polonia --- Република Полска --- Republiken Polen --- Република Полша --- República da Polónia --- Republic of Poland --- Republika Poljska --- Republika e Polonisë --- die Republik Polen --- Polská republika --- Poola Vabariik --- République de Pologne --- ir-Repubblika tal-Polonja --- ühtne turg --- mercado único --- egységes piac --- indre marked --- mercato unico --- vnútorný trh --- jednotný trh --- margadh aonair --- rynek jednolity --- bendroji rinka --- treg i vetëm --- suq uniku --- единствен пазар --- marché unique --- Binnenmarkt --- единен пазар --- ενιαία αγορά --- јединствено тржиште --- enotni trg --- vienotais tirgus --- sisämarkkinat --- inre marknad --- piață unică --- interne markt --- jedinstveno tržište --- EU single market --- ενιαία αγορά ΕΕ --- EU:n sisämarkkinat --- ES vienotais tirgus --- unutrašnje tržište EZ-a --- Bendrijos vidaus rinka --- Binnenmarkt EU --- внатрешен пазар --- marché intérieur CE --- vnitřní trh ES --- EB vidaus rinka --- EK-belső piac --- margadh inmheánach --- einheitlicher Markt --- EU-Binnenmarkt --- treg i brendshëm i KE-së --- marché unique de l'UE --- piață internă comunitară --- eengemaakte markt van de EU --- vnútorný trh Spoločenstva --- EC internal market --- εσωτερική αγορά της Κοινότητας --- внатрешен пазар на ЕУ --- vnútorný trh EÚ --- mercado interior comunitario --- gemenskapens inre marknad --- vnitřní trh Společenství --- внатрешен пазар на Унијата --- EG:s inre marknad --- yhtenäismarkkinat --- Kopienas iekšējais tirgus --- enotni trg EU --- εσωτερική αγορά ΕΚ --- enhedsmarked --- communautaire interne markt --- Community internal market --- внатрешен пазар на Заедницата --- внатрешен пазар на ЕЗ --- ühenduse siseturg --- EU's indre marked --- marché intérieur communautaire --- treg i brendshëm i Komunitetit --- Единен пазар на ЕС --- vnútorný trh Únie --- mercado interno comunitário --- yhteisön sisämarkkinat --- mercato interno CE --- ELi ühtne turg --- jednotný trh EU --- EF's indre marked --- interne markt van de EU --- egységes uniós piac --- mercato unico dell'UE --- közösségi belső piac --- ES bendroji rinka --- mercado interno CE --- binnenmarkt --- interne markt EG --- jednotný trh EÚ --- EU:s inre marknad --- mercato interno comunitario --- piața unică UE --- mercado único da UE --- mercado único de la UE --- suq uniku tal-UE --- digitale economie --- digital ekonomi --- economía digital --- digitālā ekonomika --- digitaalmajandus --- digitálne hospodárstvo --- économie numérique --- digitale Wirtschaft --- skaitmeninė ekonomika --- digitalno gospodarstvo --- economia digital --- дигитална економија --- economie digitală --- ψηφιακή οικονομία --- цифрова икономика --- ekonomija diġitali --- digitaalitalous --- digitális gazdaság --- digital økonomi --- economia digitale --- digitální ekonomika --- geilleagar digiteach --- gospodarka cyfrowa --- e-economia --- sähköinen talous --- digitálna ekonomika --- internetgazdaság --- online-economie --- digitální hospodářství --- e-ekonomija --- internet-talous --- internetekonomi --- internetøkonomi --- interneteconomie --- marché unique numérique --- цифров единен пазар --- jednolity rynek cyfrowy --- mercato unico digitale --- digitális egységes piac --- jednotný digitální trh --- digitálny jednotný trh --- margadh aonair digiteach --- Piața unică digitală --- jedinstveno digitalno tržište --- digitalt indre marked --- digitale eengemaakte markt --- digitaaliset sisämarkkinat --- digitālais vienotais tirgus --- bendroji skaitmeninė rinka --- digitaler Binnenmarkt --- digitaalne ühtne turg --- suq uniku diġitali --- е-јединствено тржиште --- mercado único digital --- digital inre marknad --- enotni digitalni trg --- Ψηφιακή ενιαία αγορά --- marché unique des contenus numériques --- ríomh-mhargadh aonair --- MUD --- digitální agenda --- Програма в областта на цифровите технологии --- digital dagsorden --- Jednolity rynek internetowy --- marché unique électronique --- digitalna agenda za Europu --- digitale agenda --- jednotný trh s digitálnym obsahom --- mercado único de contenidos digitales --- digitale Agenda --- agenda digital --- ЦЕП --- det indre onlinemarked --- inre e-marknad --- επιγραμμική ενιαία αγορά --- електронен единен пазар --- jednolity rynek treści cyfrowych --- verkkokaupan yhtenäismarkkinat --- inre marknad för digitalt innehåll --- jednotný trh s digitálním obsahem --- пазар на цифрово съдържание --- mercato unico elettronico --- margadh aonair le haghaidh inneachar digiteach --- digitalna agenda --- mercado único electrónico --- BSR --- eengemaakte markt voor e-diensten --- elektronický jednotný trh --- digital agenda --- tiešsaistes vienotais tirgus --- agenda digitale --- piața unică online --- дигитална агенда ЕУ --- marché unique du numérique --- estratégia digital --- digitalni program za Europu --- mercado único online --- ψηφιακό θεματολόγιο --- enotni spletni trg --- e. bendroji rinka --- eengemaakte digitale markt --- marché unique en ligne --- a digitális tartalmak egységes piaca --- онлайн единен пазар --- JDT --- indre marked for digitalt indhold --- digitaalistrategia --- mercado único eletrónico --- eengemaakte markt voor digitale inhoud --- DJT --- mercado único de conteúdos digitais --- mercato unico online --- bendroji internetinė rinka --- elektronischer Binnenmarkt --- DAE --- jedinstveno e-tržište --- jedinstveno tržište na internetu --- agenda cyfrowa --- mercado único en línea --- digitalizācijas programma --- single market for digital content --- jednolity rynek online --- an clár oibre digiteach --- elektroniskais vienotais tirgus --- piața unică electronică --- mercado único em linha --- ενιαία ηλεκτρονική αγορά --- jednotný trh online --- e-single market --- ενιαία ψηφιακή αγορά --- aġenda diġitali --- digitaalisten sisältöjen sisämarkkinat --- suq uniku online --- agenda digitală --- suq uniku elettroniku --- DSM --- enotni trg digitalnih vsebin --- margadh aonair ar líne --- det indre marked for elektroniske tjenester --- skaitmeninė darbotvarkė --- stratégie numérique --- online single market --- digitálna agenda --- európai digitális menetrend --- sähköiset sisämarkkinat --- Union européenne --- Europese Unie --- Europska unija --- União Europeia --- Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση --- Európska únia --- Európai Unió --- Europäische Union --- Europos Sąjunga --- Evropská unie --- Европска унија --- Unjoni Ewropea --- Европейски съюз --- Europeiska unionen --- Euroopan unioni --- Eiropas Savienība --- Unión Europea --- Evropska unija --- Unia Europejska --- Unione europea --- Uniunea Europeană --- Den Europæiske Union --- Европска Унија --- Euroopa Liit --- Bashkimi Europian --- Sąjungos institucija --- Sąjungos teisė --- právo Únie --- νόμος της Ένωσης --- Savienības tiesības --- wet van de Unie --- legge dell'Unione --- Europæisk Union --- unionslagstiftning --- atto dell'Unione --- AE --- loi de l'Union --- EU --- e drejta e Bashkimit --- ЕУ --- lege a Uniunii Europene --- Union law --- economía electrónica --- e-economía --- an tAontas Eorpach