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After the long history of screening, it is becoming difficult to find novel compounds from microorganisms and plants anywhere in the world. Until now, more than about 30,000 marine natural products have been reported. However, with the development of marine natural products research, the hit rate of new compounds is also decreasing. Scientists are now turning their attention to the deep sea, where a high hit rate of novel compounds is expected. Many small compounds and peptides from microorganisms and sponges are with therapeutic activity are shown in this book. This Special Issue Book, “Natural Products from the Deep Sea”, should be useful for the screening of novel and useful compounds from nature.

Medicine --- deep sea marine-derived fungus --- Myrothecium sp. --- myrothecol --- nitric oxide (NO) --- antioxidant activity --- macrolactam --- Deep-Sea-Derived Streptomyces --- abiotic formation --- natural product --- antifungal activity --- Thorectandra choanoides --- tryptophan alkaloid --- indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase --- aplysinopsins --- GNPS molecular network --- cellular signal transduction --- bioactive metabolite --- deep-sea organisms --- anti-inflammatory agent --- anticancer agent --- Mariana Trench --- Micromonospora provocatoris MT25 --- desferrioxamine --- n-acetylglutaminyl glutamine amide --- 1H-15N 2D-NMR --- genomics --- biosynthetic gene clusters --- stress genes --- crustins --- antibacterial peptides --- hydrothermal vent --- anti-Gram-negative bacteria --- Al-crus 3 and Al-crus 7 --- Trichoderma --- harziane diterpenes --- NO inhibition --- thioester-containing benzoate --- deep-sea-derived fungus --- α-glucosidase inhibitory activity --- docking study

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This Book, entiled “Allergic Rhinosinusitis and Airway Diseases”, presents the concept of united airway disease interaction, which comprises chronic rhinosinusitis and other lower airway disorders such as asthma. This concept furthers a deeper comprehension on the pathophysiology and management of upper and lower airway diseases. In this Book, the published papers cover different interesting topics such as healthcare equality, advanced biomarkers, accurate diagnosis and treatment, occupational exposure-induced upper airway allergy and neoplastic disease mimicking chronic rhinosinusitis.

Medicine --- chronic rhinosinusitis --- B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder --- sinus --- nasal allergies --- tannery worker --- Kanpur --- asthma --- ovalbumin --- saffron --- salbutamol --- IL’s --- TNF-α --- allergic rhinitis --- bronchial asthma --- allergy --- Th17 cells --- IL-17 --- IL-33 --- microRNA --- miR --- airway mucosal inflammation --- united airway disease --- acute rhinosinusitis --- acute recurrent rhinosinusitis --- Mediterranean diet --- nutritional evaluation --- nutritional therapy --- olfactory dysfunction --- anosmia --- post-acute COVID-19 --- nitric oxide --- NO --- exhaled NO --- FENO --- nasal peak flow --- atopic status --- total IgE --- specific IgE --- childhood asthma --- immunoblot --- ImmunoCAP --- otolaryngology --- sinusitis --- ethnic groups --- patient-reported outcome measures --- quality of life --- social justice --- n/a --- IL's

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Molecular hydrogen (hydrogen gas; H2) is gaining prominence in the scientific literature as well as the popular media. Early studies suggest the use of H2 treatment for a wide range of human diseases, from COVID-19 to various neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, its biological activity also appears to have therapeutic and regulatory effects in plants. Accordingly, it has been suggested to be useful in agricultural settings. H2 has effects on a range of physiological events in plants. It has been shown to have effects on seed germination, plant growth, and development. It has also been found to be involved in plant stress responses and to be protective against abiotic stress. It also has beneficial effects during the post-harvest storage of crops. Therefore, its use in the agricultural setting has great potential as it appears to be safe, with no toxicity or harm to the environment. One of the conundrums of the use of H2 is how it induces these effects in plants and plant cells. It is difficult to envisage how it works based on a classical receptor mechanism. There is evidence that it may act as a direct antioxidant, by scavenging hydroxyl radicals, or via enhancing the plant’s innate antioxidant system as a signaling molecule. It has also been reported to exert effects through action on heme oxygenase, cross-talk with other signaling molecules, and regulating the expression of various genes. However, how H2 fits into, and integrates with, other signaling pathways is not clearly understood. Future work is needed to elucidate the mechanism and significance of the interaction of H2 with these and other cellular systems.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- antioxidants --- heme oxygenase --- hydrogen gas --- hydrogenase --- hydroxyl radicals --- molecular hydrogen --- nitric oxide --- reactive oxygen species --- Chinese chive --- storage quality --- antioxidant capacity --- hydrogen nanobubble water --- vase life --- senescence-associated enzymes --- cut carnation flowers --- glucosamine --- sucrose --- starch --- gene expression --- sugar metabolism --- amylose --- cadmium --- field quality --- hydrogen-based agriculture --- rice --- Wuzhimaotao (Ficus hirta Vahl) --- hydrogen --- transcription factors --- secondary metabolism --- phytohormones signaling pathways --- phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and metabolism --- Chinese herbal medicine --- carbendazim degradation --- glutathione metabolism --- detoxification system --- redox balance --- cut flower --- flower industry --- postharvest quality --- postharvest technique --- the fourth industrial revolution --- n/a

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The purpose of this Special Issue “The Role of Nutrition in Cardiometabolic Health: Experimental, Clinical, and Community-Based Evidence” is to publish a focused, coherent, impactful, and well-cited volume on how nutrition influences diverse cardiometabolic risk factors. Cardiometabolic diseases, such as coronary heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and obesity, is the leading cause of death worldwide. In recent years, dietary habits have shifted all over the globe. At the same time, a constantly growing body of evidence demonstrates the role of caloric intake and dietary composition as determinants of cardiometabolic health. Suboptimal diet predisposes to a myriad of cardiometabolic risk factors such as impaired glucose metabolism, insulin resistance, dyslipidaemias, and high blood pressure.

vitamin D --- obesity --- microvascular --- bariatric surgery --- weight loss --- nitric oxide --- cardiac remodeling --- cardiac dysfunction --- echocardiogram --- obese rats --- high-fat high-sugar diet --- vascular stiffness --- blood pressure --- whey protein isolate --- older adults --- dietary factor --- cardiovascular disease --- umbrella review --- low-carbohydrate diet --- hypocaloric --- isocaloric --- women health --- conduit artery --- microvasculature --- cardiovascular risks --- primary prevention --- homocysteine --- folate --- vitamin B12 --- vascular dysfunction --- hepatocyte --- TGR5 --- glucose regulation --- homocysteine and vascular disease --- H3K27me3 --- epigenetics --- atherosclerosis --- MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) --- liver --- metabolic regulation --- laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy --- micronutrients --- deficiency --- body mass index --- cardiotonic steroids --- left ventricular mass --- marinobufagenin --- dietary salt intake --- young adults

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Molecular hydrogen (hydrogen gas; H2) is gaining prominence in the scientific literature as well as the popular media. Early studies suggest the use of H2 treatment for a wide range of human diseases, from COVID-19 to various neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, its biological activity also appears to have therapeutic and regulatory effects in plants. Accordingly, it has been suggested to be useful in agricultural settings. H2 has effects on a range of physiological events in plants. It has been shown to have effects on seed germination, plant growth, and development. It has also been found to be involved in plant stress responses and to be protective against abiotic stress. It also has beneficial effects during the post-harvest storage of crops. Therefore, its use in the agricultural setting has great potential as it appears to be safe, with no toxicity or harm to the environment. One of the conundrums of the use of H2 is how it induces these effects in plants and plant cells. It is difficult to envisage how it works based on a classical receptor mechanism. There is evidence that it may act as a direct antioxidant, by scavenging hydroxyl radicals, or via enhancing the plant’s innate antioxidant system as a signaling molecule. It has also been reported to exert effects through action on heme oxygenase, cross-talk with other signaling molecules, and regulating the expression of various genes. However, how H2 fits into, and integrates with, other signaling pathways is not clearly understood. Future work is needed to elucidate the mechanism and significance of the interaction of H2 with these and other cellular systems.

antioxidants --- heme oxygenase --- hydrogen gas --- hydrogenase --- hydroxyl radicals --- molecular hydrogen --- nitric oxide --- reactive oxygen species --- Chinese chive --- storage quality --- antioxidant capacity --- hydrogen nanobubble water --- vase life --- senescence-associated enzymes --- cut carnation flowers --- glucosamine --- sucrose --- starch --- gene expression --- sugar metabolism --- amylose --- cadmium --- field quality --- hydrogen-based agriculture --- rice --- Wuzhimaotao (Ficus hirta Vahl) --- hydrogen --- transcription factors --- secondary metabolism --- phytohormones signaling pathways --- phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and metabolism --- Chinese herbal medicine --- carbendazim degradation --- glutathione metabolism --- detoxification system --- redox balance --- cut flower --- flower industry --- postharvest quality --- postharvest technique --- the fourth industrial revolution --- n/a