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This book presents the new discovery of the origin of turbulence from Navier-Stokes equations. The fully developed turbulence is found to be composed of singularities of flow field. The mechanisms of flow stability and turbulent transition are described using the energy gradient theory, which states all the flow instability and breakdown resulted from the gradient of the total mechanical energy normal to the flow direction. This approach is universal for flow instability in Newtonian flow and non-Newtonian flow. The theory has been used to solve several problems, such as plane and pipe Poiseuille flows, plane Couette flow, Taylor-Couette flow, flows in straight coaxial annulus, flows in curved pipes and ducts, thermal convection flow, viscoelastic flow, and magnet fluid flow, etc. The theory is in agreement with results from numerical simulations and experiments. The analytical method used in this book is novel and is different from the traditional approaches. This book includes the fundamental basics of flow stability and turbulent transition, the essentials of the energy gradient theory, and the applications of the theory to several practical problems. This book is suitable for researchers and graduate students.

Fluid mechanics --- ingenieurswetenschappen --- vloeistoffen --- Navier-Stokes equations.

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Finite volume method. --- Navier-Stokes equations. --- Equations, Navier-Stokes --- Differential equations, Partial --- Fluid dynamics --- Viscous flow --- Numerical analysis --- Equacions de Navier-Stokes --- Navier-Stokes (Equacions) --- Dinàmica de fluids --- Equacions en derivades parcials

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This open access book deals with a rich variety of taxis-type cross-diffusive equations. Particularly, it intends to show the key role played by quasi-energy inequality in the derivation of some necessary a priori estimates. This book addresses applied mathematics and all researchers interested in mathematical development of reaction-diffusion theory and its application and can be a basis for a graduate course in applied mathematics.

Boundary value problems. --- Chemotaxis --- Navier-Stokes equations. --- Mathematical models. --- Equations, Navier-Stokes --- Differential equations, Partial --- Fluid dynamics --- Viscous flow --- Chemiotaxis --- Chemotropism --- Biochemistry --- Growth --- Taxes (Biology) --- Boundary conditions (Differential equations) --- Differential equations --- Functions of complex variables --- Mathematical physics --- Initial value problems --- Problemes de contorn --- Quimiotaxi --- Models matemàtics --- Equacions de Navier-Stokes --- Navier-Stokes (Equacions) --- Dinàmica de fluids --- Equacions en derivades parcials --- Models (Matemàtica) --- Models experimentals --- Models teòrics --- Mètodes de simulació --- Anàlisi de sistemes --- Mètode de Montecarlo --- Modelització multiescala --- Models economètrics --- Models lineals (Estadística) --- Models multinivell (Estadística) --- Models no lineals (Estadística) --- Programació (Ordinadors) --- Simulació per ordinador --- Teoria de màquines --- Models biològics --- Bioquímica --- Creixement --- Problemes de valor límit --- Equacions diferencials --- Física matemàtica --- Funcions de variables complexes --- Dispersió (Matemàtica) --- Equacions de Von Kármán --- Problema de Dirichlet --- Problema de Neumann --- Problemes de Riemann-Hilbert --- Problemes de valor inicial --- Reaction-Diffusion --- Haptotaxis --- Navier-Stokes --- Cancer invasion --- Coral fertilization --- Sensity-suppressed motility --- Oncolytic virotherapy --- Foraging scrounging interplay

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This reprint focuses on experiments, modellings, and simulations of heat transfer and fluid flow. Flowing media comprise single- or two-phase fluids that can be both compressible and incompressible. The reprint presents unique experiments and solutions to problems of scientific and industrial relevance in the transportation of natural resources, technical devices, industrial processes, etc. In the presented works, the formulated physical and mathematical models together with their boundary and initial conditions and numerical computation methods for constitutive equations lead to solutions for selected examples in engineering.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- hydraulic transients --- water hammer --- viscoelasticity --- cross-section change --- fluidic oscillator --- bending angle --- frequency --- pressure drop --- peak velocity ratio --- aerodynamic analyses --- unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations --- natural convection --- van der Waals gas --- analytical solution --- heat transfer in non-Newtonian slurry --- damping of turbulence --- Nusselt number for slurry --- heat pipe heat exchanger --- wickless heat pipe --- heat transfer --- individually finned tubes --- heat transfer analysis --- non-contacting mechanical face seal --- variable order derivative integral transform --- ribbed channel --- large eddy simulation --- immersed boundary method --- conjugate heat transfer --- thermal conductivity ratio --- retarded strain --- cavitation --- unsteady friction --- method of characteristics --- vortex generator --- arrangement --- numerical simulation --- plate-fin and tube heat exchanger --- air-side Nusselt number --- different heat transfer coefficient in particular tube row --- mathematical simulation --- CFD simulation --- labyrinth seal --- leakage --- design method --- kinetic energy --- inverse problem --- steam turbines --- gas turbines --- fluid-flow machines --- electric vehicle --- battery thermal management system --- optimization --- lattice Boltzmann method --- hydrostatic transmission --- hydrostatic transmission start up --- hydraulic drive --- hydraulic transients --- water hammer --- viscoelasticity --- cross-section change --- fluidic oscillator --- bending angle --- frequency --- pressure drop --- peak velocity ratio --- aerodynamic analyses --- unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations --- natural convection --- van der Waals gas --- analytical solution --- heat transfer in non-Newtonian slurry --- damping of turbulence --- Nusselt number for slurry --- heat pipe heat exchanger --- wickless heat pipe --- heat transfer --- individually finned tubes --- heat transfer analysis --- non-contacting mechanical face seal --- variable order derivative integral transform --- ribbed channel --- large eddy simulation --- immersed boundary method --- conjugate heat transfer --- thermal conductivity ratio --- retarded strain --- cavitation --- unsteady friction --- method of characteristics --- vortex generator --- arrangement --- numerical simulation --- plate-fin and tube heat exchanger --- air-side Nusselt number --- different heat transfer coefficient in particular tube row --- mathematical simulation --- CFD simulation --- labyrinth seal --- leakage --- design method --- kinetic energy --- inverse problem --- steam turbines --- gas turbines --- fluid-flow machines --- electric vehicle --- battery thermal management system --- optimization --- lattice Boltzmann method --- hydrostatic transmission --- hydrostatic transmission start up --- hydraulic drive