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Explores translation in the context of the late Ottoman Mediterranean worldFénelon, Offenbach and the Iliad in Arabic, Robinson Crusoe in Turkish, the Bible in Greek-alphabet Turkish, excoriated French novels circulating through the Ottoman Empire in Greek, Arabic and Turkish – literary translation at the eastern end of the Mediterranean offered worldly vistas and new, hybrid genres to emerging literate audiences in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Whether to propagate ‘national’ language reform, circulate the Bible, help audiences understand European opera, argue for girls’ education, institute pan-Islamic conversations, introduce political concepts, share the Persian Gulistan with Anglophone readers in Bengal, or provide racy fiction to schooled adolescents in Cairo and Istanbul, translation was an essential tool. But as these essays show, translators were inventors. And their efforts might yield surprising results. Key featuresA substantial introduction provides in-depth context to the essays that followNine detailed case studies of translation between and among European and Middle-Eastern languages and between genresExamines translation movement from Europe to the Ottoman region, and within the latterLooks at how concepts of ‘translation’, ‘adaptation’, ‘arabisation’, ‘authorship’ and ‘untranslatability’ were understood by writers (including translators) and audiencesChallenges views of translation and text dissemination that centre ‘the West’ as privileged source of knowledgeContributorsOrit Bashkin, University of ChicagoMarilyn Booth, Oxford University Raphael Cormack, independent scholarTitika Dimitroulia, University of Thessaloniki Peter Hill, independent scholarAlexander Kazamias, Coventry UniversityYaseen Noorani, University of ArizonaKamran Rastegar, Tufts University A. Holly Shissler, University of Chicago Johann Strauss, University of Munich

Middle East --- Mediterranean Region. --- Circum-Mediterranean countries --- Mediterranean Area --- Mediterranean countries --- Mediterranean Sea Region

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Ethnology. --- Regional studies. --- Mediterranean Region. --- Cultural anthropology --- Ethnography --- Races of man --- Social anthropology --- Anthropology --- Human beings --- Circum-Mediterranean countries --- Mediterranean Area --- Mediterranean countries --- Mediterranean Sea Region

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"This collection begins from a methodological problem familiar to all who have worked on the housing of the ancient world. That problem centres on the relationship between the diverse texts that have come down to us from antiquity, documentary and literary, and the archaeology of Classical settlements. In relation to housing, the problem is a special instance of the sometimes fraught disciplinary relationship between Classical archaeology and Classical history, which goes back to the formation of the modern academic disciplines, and the more particular issue of a perceived gap between the material world and the textual world. Texts and archaeology rarely tell the same story. From the eighteenth century onwards, there was an increased availability and understanding of material remains. Classical archaeology brought together aesthetic interests, focused on art and architecture, but 'early' archaeology also aimed itself at resolving questions derived from the literary material (see the historiographical elements in the studies of Varto, Morgan, and Allison in the volume). From Schliemann's discoveries of Troy and Mycenae to the investigations at Pompeii, texts often determined patterns of excavation and how that material evidence was interpreted"--

Dwellings --- Housing --- Building materials --- Architecture, Ancient --- HISTORY / Ancient / General --- History. --- Mediterranean Region --- Mediterranean Region. --- Circum-Mediterranean countries --- Mediterranean Area --- Mediterranean countries --- Mediterranean Sea Region --- Architectural materials --- Architecture --- Building --- Building supplies --- Buildings --- Construction materials --- Structural materials --- Materials --- Archaeology --- Archiecture, Domestic --- Architecture, Domestic

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Atmospheric chemistry.. --- Atmospheric deposition. --- Mediterranean Region. --- Air pollutant deposition --- Atmospheric fallout --- Atmospheric pollutant deposition --- Deposition of air pollutants --- Deposition of atmospheric pollutants --- Fallout, Atmospheric --- Sedimentation and deposition --- Air --- Atmospheric science --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Pollution --- Circum-Mediterranean countries --- Mediterranean Area --- Mediterranean countries --- Mediterranean Sea Region

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Late Byzantium faced economic, political, and demographic crises. This book argues for the ability of rural communities to transform their socioeconomic strategies and maintain resilience in the face of these, especially in the context of islands. It seeks to reinstate ordinary people in the historical narrative and reintroduce them as active participants in the events of the period, pointing to their ability not only to react to change, but also to initiate it. Combining new archaeological evidence with archival material pertaining to the islands of Lemnos and Thasos in the Northern Aegean, it provides concrete examples of Byzantine socio-economic strategies that successfully mitigated the various crises and thus contributes to a diachronic perspective on crisis management. The result is to rethink the nature of the Late Byzantine period, and to question the ways in which we have come to divide historical periods into 'good' or 'bad'.

Rural development --- Communities --- Civilization, Medieval. --- History. --- Mediterranean Region --- Economic conditions. --- Social life and customs. --- Social conditions. --- Civilization, Medieval --- Medieval civilization --- Middle Ages --- Civilization --- Chivalry --- Renaissance --- Community --- Social groups --- Community development, Rural --- Development, Rural --- Integrated rural development --- Regional development --- Rehabilitation, Rural --- Rural community development --- Rural economic development --- Agriculture and state --- Community development --- Economic development --- Regional planning --- History --- Citizen participation --- Social aspects --- Circum-Mediterranean countries --- Mediterranean Area --- Mediterranean countries --- Mediterranean Sea Region