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The spatial distribution of economic activity is known to depend on trade costs, both international and domestic. This paper examines the interplay between these external and internal trade costs using a model of trade and production that is tested with the organized manufacturing sector data for India from 1989 to 2009. The analysis establishes that the trade liberalization episode of the early 1990s helped spread manufacturing away from the primary region (districts closest to ports) to the secondary region between 1994 and 2000. Such dispersion of activity away from the primary to the secondary region was driven by high internal trade costs that insulated manufacturers from import competition. This trend reversed post-2000, a period of massive decline in internal trade costs, attributed to the Golden Quadrilateral highway upgrades. During this period, the districts along the highway network in the secondary region gained market access and manufacturing activity, while those off the network lost. Irrespective of the period, or the nature of trade costs, manufacturing activity in the interior region (districts farthest from ports) remained depressed, thereby emphasizing the importance of complementary conditions in driving territorial development.

Manufactures --- Cost and price marks. --- Regional development. --- Costs.

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Neoliberalism. --- Peasants. --- Peasantry --- Agricultural laborers --- Rural population --- Marks (Medieval land tenure) --- Villeinage --- Neo-liberalism --- Liberalism

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The first comprehensive analysis of the emergence of academic brands, this book explores how the modern university is being transformed in an increasingly global economy of higher education where luxury is replacing access. More than just a sign of corporatization and privatization, academic brands provide a unique window on the university's concerns and struggles with conveying 'excellence' and reputation in a competitive landscape organized by rankings, while also capitalizing on its brand to generate revenue when state support dwindles. This multidisciplinary volume addresses topics including the uniqueness of academic brands, their role in the global brand economy of distinction, and their vulnerability to problematic social and political associations. By focusing on brands, the volume analyzes the tensions between the university's traditional commitment to public interest values - education, research, and the production of knowledge - and its increasingly managerial culture framed by corporate, private values. Available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.

Universities and colleges --- Education, Higher --- Trademarks. --- Branding (Marketing) --- Marketing. --- Public institutions --- Schools --- Colleges --- Degree-granting institutions --- Higher education institutions --- Higher education providers --- Institutions of higher education --- Postsecondary institutions --- Marketing --- Advertising --- Brand name products --- Trade regulation --- Business names --- Logos (Symbols) --- Service marks --- Merchant marks --- Registration of trademarks --- Trade-marks --- Trade names --- Postsecondary education --- College students --- Higher education --- Education --- branding --- universities --- marketing --- logos --- trademarks

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Peasant Wars in Bolivia reveals the active political role played by the Cochabamba valley peasants during the 1952-64 revolutionary period in Bolivia from a non-state perspective. Based on contemporary research in social, political, and cultural issues in Latin America it blends sociological and anthropological methods to go beyond recognized contexts of central power and emphasize the revolutionary experience of the peasants themselves. Drawing on archival research, newspapers, interviews, and a wealth of secondary sources, the book argues that the Cochabamba valley mestizo population of rural workers forged their own collective “campesino” identity alongside their revolutionary struggles against regional elites and the state. This newly created identity allowed the campesinos entry into the Bolivian national political arena as dynamic actors, transformed their subjectivities, and changed the existing political culture of Bolivia. It goes on to analyze the historical status of the revolution and the role of the mestizo peasantry within it in the context of academic and political debates of the first two decades of the twenty-first century. Crossing established borders between history, anthropology, and sociology, Peasant Wars in Bolivia is a fascinating, interdisciplinary exploration of the revolutionary campesinos of the Cochabamba valley, of Bolivia’s nationalist revolution, and of the ways it has been interpreted and understood within Bolivian politics and culture.

Labor unions --- Land tenure --- Peasants --- Organizing. --- Economic conditions. --- Peasantry --- Agricultural laborers --- Rural population --- Marks (Medieval land tenure) --- Villeinage --- Labor organizing --- Organizing, Labor --- Unionization

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Communism. --- Eurocentrism. --- Marx, Karl, --- Bolshevism --- Communist movements --- Leninism --- Maoism --- Marxism --- Trotskyism --- Collectivism --- Totalitarianism --- Post-communism --- Socialism --- Village communities --- Eurocentricity --- Ethnocentrism --- Marx, Karl --- Makesi, --- Ma-kʻo-ssu, --- 马克思, --- 馬克思, --- Marukusu, --- マルクス, --- Marx, Heinrich Karl, --- Marks, Karl, --- Marx, Carlos, --- Marks, K. --- Marŭkʻŭsŭ, Kʻal, --- 마르크스, 칼, --- Marksŭ, --- 맑스, --- Marks, Karol, --- Mác, Các, --- Marx, Karel, --- Marksas, Karolis, --- Marx, Carlo, --- Mác, C., --- מארכס, --- מארכס, קארל, --- מארכס, קרל, --- מארכס, ק --- מארקס --- מארקס, קארל --- מארקס, קארל, --- מארקס, קרל, --- מארקס, ק. --- מרכס, קרל --- מרכס, קרל, --- ماركس، كارل --- ماركس، كارل، --- Markso, Karlo,