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This is a review of the topic of fibrinolysis contributed by authors who are specialized in the clinical and basic studies of this topic. These include: the endothelial receptor of tissue plasminogen activator, by Dr. Katherine Hajjar; regulation of S100 by pml-rar-alpha oncoprotein, by Dr. O’Connell; receptor of urokinase type plasminogen activator, by Dr. M. Ploug et al.; tissue plasminogen activator induction in purjinjen neuron, by Dr. Seeds; fibrinolysis from the blood to the brain, by Dr. Robert Metcalf; tissue plasminogen activator induces the opening of the blood–brain barrier, by Dr. M. Yepes; fibrinolysis shutdown in trauma: a historical review and clinical application, by Drs. Hunter Moore and Ernest Moore; fibrinolysis in immunity, by Drs. K. Kolev and Robert Medcalf; the role of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, by Drs. M. Erin, A.E. Boe, and E.A. Klyachko; and finally, persistent fibrinolysis shutdown is associated with increased mortality in severely injured trauma patients, by J.P. Meizoso.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- COVID-19 --- fibrinolysis --- renin-aldosterone-angiotensin-system (RAAS) --- plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) --- urokinase plasminogen activator --- urokinase plasminogen activator receptor --- plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 --- acute lung injury and repair and pleural injury and pleural organization --- PAI-1 --- cardiovascular disease --- cancer --- inflammation --- fibrosis --- aging --- obstructive sleep apnoea --- OSA --- coagulation --- platelets --- brown adipose tissue --- obesity --- plasminogen activation --- immune response --- thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor --- TAFI --- proCPU --- proCPB --- proCPR --- carboxypeptidase --- uPA --- uPAR --- PA system --- tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) --- urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) --- neurodegeneration --- thrombin --- shear --- clot retraction --- Factor XIII --- clot stability --- NETs --- plasmin --- plasminogen activator --- PAI-2 --- antiplasmin

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• Reference Manager
• EndNote
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This is a review of the topic of fibrinolysis contributed by authors who are specialized in the clinical and basic studies of this topic. These include: the endothelial receptor of tissue plasminogen activator, by Dr. Katherine Hajjar; regulation of S100 by pml-rar-alpha oncoprotein, by Dr. O’Connell; receptor of urokinase type plasminogen activator, by Dr. M. Ploug et al.; tissue plasminogen activator induction in purjinjen neuron, by Dr. Seeds; fibrinolysis from the blood to the brain, by Dr. Robert Metcalf; tissue plasminogen activator induces the opening of the blood–brain barrier, by Dr. M. Yepes; fibrinolysis shutdown in trauma: a historical review and clinical application, by Drs. Hunter Moore and Ernest Moore; fibrinolysis in immunity, by Drs. K. Kolev and Robert Medcalf; the role of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, by Drs. M. Erin, A.E. Boe, and E.A. Klyachko; and finally, persistent fibrinolysis shutdown is associated with increased mortality in severely injured trauma patients, by J.P. Meizoso.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- COVID-19 --- fibrinolysis --- renin-aldosterone-angiotensin-system (RAAS) --- plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) --- urokinase plasminogen activator --- urokinase plasminogen activator receptor --- plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 --- acute lung injury and repair and pleural injury and pleural organization --- PAI-1 --- cardiovascular disease --- cancer --- inflammation --- fibrosis --- aging --- obstructive sleep apnoea --- OSA --- coagulation --- platelets --- brown adipose tissue --- obesity --- plasminogen activation --- immune response --- thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor --- TAFI --- proCPU --- proCPB --- proCPR --- carboxypeptidase --- uPA --- uPAR --- PA system --- tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) --- urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) --- neurodegeneration --- thrombin --- shear --- clot retraction --- Factor XIII --- clot stability --- NETs --- plasmin --- plasminogen activator --- PAI-2 --- antiplasmin

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Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are a diverse group of carbon-based molecules that are volatile at ambient temperatures and are emitted by an organism as a result of metabolic processes of cells and associated microbiome. The qualitative and quantitative profile of VOCs in biological fluids can vary depending on the physiological changes. Therefore, the pattern of volatile metabolites may reflect the presence of several diseases. This has been intensively investigated in the last few decades, resulting in an increasing number of studies focused on new volatile biomarker discovery.This reprint aimed to summarize the recent findings related to VOCs detected in various biological fluids such as breath, urine and feces for biomedical applications. The content covers various topics, including but not limited to biomedical/medical application of VOC analysis, biomarker discovery, and novel approaches for sampling and analyzing VOCs.

Research & information: general --- Chemistry --- liquid–liquid extraction --- volatile compounds --- urine --- method optimization --- GC-MS --- 1H-NMR --- iron deficiency anaemia --- iron supplementation --- volatile organic compounds (VOCs) --- intestinal metabolome --- gut microbiome --- CDH --- microbiome --- VOCs --- spiroergometry --- outcome --- exhaled breath --- eNose --- smoking --- asthma --- COPD --- NTD-GC-MS --- breath --- lung cancer --- biomarkers --- volatile organic compounds --- urine analysis --- comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography --- kidney diseases --- urinary biomarkers --- hepatocellular carcinoma --- diagnosis --- headspace analysis --- untargeted analysis --- breath analysis --- cancer biomarkers --- volatolomics --- whole grain --- rye --- comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography–mass spectrometry --- dietary fiber --- e-nose --- electronic nose --- breathing rhythm --- mechanical ventilation --- anesthesia --- supplemental oxygen --- oxygen toxicity --- lipid peroxidation --- volatile aldehydes --- pentanal --- hexanal --- classification models --- dairy cows --- fecal headspace --- Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (MAP) --- paratuberculosis --- random forest --- stable air --- volatile organic compound (VOC) --- biomarker --- MCC–IMS --- ventilator-induced lung injury --- metabolome --- feces --- neonates --- fermentation --- protein --- carbohydrate --- short chain fatty acid --- metabolites --- volatile organic compound --- acute gastritis --- antibiotic treatment --- treatment dynamics: microbiota --- mid-infrared spectroscopy --- short-chain fatty acid --- alpha-keto acid --- Helicobacter pylori --- MOX sensors --- low sensing chamber volume --- calibration transfer --- standard samples --- piecewise direct standardization --- correlation alignment --- breath sampling --- pattern recognition