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"Was there international law in the Middle Ages? Using treaties as its main source, this book examines the extent to which such a system of rules was known and followed in the period 700 to 1200. It considers how consistently international legal rules were obeyed, whether there was a reliance on justification of action and whether the system had the capacity to resolve disputed questions of fact and law. The book further sheds light on issues such as compliance, enforcement, deterrence, authority and jurisdiction, challenging traditional ideas over their role and function in the history of international law.International law in Europe, 700-1200 will appeal to students and scholars of medieval Europe, international law and its history, as well as those with a more general interest in warfare, diplomacy and international relations."
Law, Medieval --- International law --- History --- Law, Medieval.
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In sum, the book shows that the administrative and political history of the judiciary in medieval Egypt implicitly and explicitly illuminates broader questions about religious and social forces that shaped the lives of medieval people in the Middle East, Muslims and non-Muslims alike.
Justice, Administration of --- Justice, Administration of. --- Law, Medieval. --- History --- Egypt.
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What was an "advocate" (Latin: advocatus; German: Vogt) in the Middle Ages? What responsibilities came with the position and how did they change over time? With this groundbreaking study, Jonathan R. Lyon challenges the standard narrative of a "medieval" Europe of feudalism and lordship being replaced by a "modern" Europe of government, bureaucracy and the state. By focusing on the position of advocate, he argues for continuity in corrupt practices of justice and protection between 750 and 1800. This book traces the development of the role of church advocate from the Carolingian period onward and explains why this position became associated with the violent abuse of power on churches' estates. When other types of advocates became common in and around Germany after 1250, including territorial and urban advocates, they were not officeholders in developing bureaucracies. Instead, they used similar practices to church advocates to profit illicitly from their positions, which calls into question scholarly arguments about the decline of violent lordship and the rise of governmental accountability in European history.
Law, Medieval --- Justice, Administration of --- Law, Medieval. --- Patron and client --- History --- Europe --- Politics and government --- Clientela --- Clientelism --- Patronage, Roman --- Administration of justice --- Law --- Courts --- Medieval law --- Law and legislation
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Canon law touched nearly every aspect of medieval society, including many issues we now think of as purely secular. It regulated marriages, oaths, usury, sorcery, heresy, university life, penance, just war, court procedure, and Christian relations with religious minorities. Canon law also regulated the clergy and the Church, one of the most important institutions in the Middle Ages. This Cambridge History offers a comprehensive survey of canon law, both chronologically and thematically. Written by an international team of scholars, it explores, in non-technical language, how it operated in the daily life of people and in the great political events of the time. The volume demonstrates that medieval canon law holds a unique position in the legal history of Europe. Indeed, the influence of medieval canon law, which was at the forefront of introducing and defining concepts such as 'equity,' 'rationality,' 'office,' and 'positive law,' has been enormous, long-lasting, and remarkably diverse
Canon law --- Droit canonique --- Law, Medieval. --- Droit médiéval --- History --- Eastern churches --- Églises orientales --- 600-1500. --- Law, Medieval --- Medieval law --- Public law (Canon law) --- Law --- Ecclesiastical law --- Rescripts, Papal --- Catholic Church --- 348 --- 34 <09> --- 940.1 --- 940.1 Geschiedenis van Europa: Middeleeuwen:--(ca.375-1492) --- Geschiedenis van Europa: Middeleeuwen:--(ca.375-1492) --- 34 <09> Rechtsgeschiedenis --(algemeen) --- Rechtsgeschiedenis --(algemeen) --- 348 Kerkelijk recht. Canoniek recht --- Kerkelijk recht. Canoniek recht --- 348 Ecclesiastical law. Canon law. Religious law --- Ecclesiastical law. Canon law. Religious law --- Canon law - History - Middle Ages, 600-1500 --- Canon law - Eastern churches - History - Middle Ages, 600-1500 --- Droit médiéval --- Églises orientales --- Droit canon --- Église orientale --- Moyen âge -- 476-1492
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This book attempts to determine the degree to which the modern fate of the Western legal tradition depends on one of the most long-standing debates of the Middle Ages, the distinction between potentia Dei absoluta and ordinata (God's absolute and ordered power). The mediaeval investigation into God's attributes was originally concerned with the problem of divine almightiness but underwent a slow but steady displacement from the territory of theology to the freshly emerging proceedings of legal analysis. Here, based on the distinction, late-mediaeval lawyers worked out a new terminology to define the extent of the power-holder's authority. This effort would give rise, during the early modern era, to the gradual establishment of the legal-political framework represented by the concepts of the prince and sovereignty.
Christianity and politics --- History of civilization --- anno 1200-1499 --- anno 1100-1199 --- anno 1500-1599 --- Pouvoir (théologie chrétienne). --- Absolutisme religieux. --- Souveraineté --- Public law --- Power (Christian theology) --- Law, Medieval. --- Law --- Authoritarianism --- Sovereignty --- Religion --- Christianisme. --- Philosophy. --- Christian influences. --- Religious aspects --- Christianity.
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Les ordalies, pratique déduite d'une cosmogonie immémoriale, ont participé en bien des temps et des lieux au règlement des conflits. Leurs rituels mettent en scène une épreuve dangereuse (voire mortelle) où accusés et accusateurs en appellent à une puissance sacrée pour que se manifeste la vérité. Très présente en Inde et en Mésopotamie, la culture de l'ordalie se repère dans de nombreux épisodes mythiques de l'Antiquité. Au Moyen-Age, les épreuves ordaliques, dont le duel judiciaire, dominent le système probatoire tout en subissant les critiques d'une Église qui rechigne à y voir une intervention divine. En Afrique et à Madagascar, ces épreuves, parfois encore prégnantes de nos jours, privilégient la puissance sacrale et justicière de l'eau et du feu, là où coexistent le visible et l'invisible. De ces rituels institués, nos contemporaines "conduites ordaliques" pourraient être une survivance, dans un monde où leur place devrait être cantonnée à l'imaginaire des productions culturelles
Ordalie --- Gestion des conflits --- Justice --- Religion et justice. --- Vérité et mensonge. --- Duel judiciaire. --- Law, Medieval. --- Histoire. --- Anthropologie. --- Vérité et mensonge. --- Religion and justice --- Droit médiéval --- Ordeal --- Law, Ancient --- Droit ancien --- Comparative law --- Droit comparé --- Evidence (Law) --- Preuve (Droit) --- Aspect religieux
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