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Among the most intriguing and confounding works of Jan van Eyck’s oeuvre are the Crucifixion and Last Judgment in New York’s Metropolitan Museum of Art. Although acquired in 1933 as a diptych, questions have remained about their initial configuration, and how these paintings functioned. The recent technical investigations of the paintings and their original frames added further complexities to these inquiries when a fragmentary text in Middle Dutch was discovered through X-radiography on the frames surrounding the two paintings. The many facets of the ensuing investigation necessitated an interdisciplinary collaboration of researchers involving an art historian, paintings conservator, and museum scientist – namely, Maryan Ainsworth, Sophie Scully, and Silvia Centeno. Moreover, the new discovery of the formerly hidden text called for the enrichment of the interdisciplinary team by a paleographer and a classical philologist, Marc Smith and Christina Meckelnborg. This book relates the unfolding story of the investigations from in-depth technical research, facilitating the conservation treatment of the frames, to the art historical study that connected these findings to the religious, political, and social contexts of the times. Through considerable interdisciplinary detective work, it was possible to reach a new understanding about the original form and function of the Crucifixion and Last Judgment and their pivotal role concerning devotions to a cherished relic, the Miraculous Bleeding Host, housed in the then collegiate church of Saint Michael and Saint Gudula in Brussels. The implications of these discoveries also shed new light on the relationship between The Met Crucifixion and Van Eyck’s metalpoint drawing of the same theme in the Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen, Rotterdam. Finally, the study of the Crucifixion and the Last Judgment draws attention to commissions Van Eyck received that are somewhat outside of the canon of works usually associated with this esteemed artist.

Painting --- iconology --- technical art history --- crucifixion --- Laatste Oordeel --- Eyck, van, Jan --- Jugement dernier --- Crucifixion --- Christ en croix (art). --- Dans l'art. --- Jan Van Eyck (1390-1441). --- Van Eyck, Jan --- Critique et interprétation. --- Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, N.Y.).

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Art historians have often minimized the variety and complexity of seventeenth-century Spanish painting by concentrating on individual artists and their works and by stressing discovery of new information rather than interpretation. As a consequence, the painter emerges in isolation from the forces that shaped his work. Jonathan Brown offers another approach to the subject by relating important Spanish Baroque paintings and painters to their cultural milieu.A critical survey of the historiography of seventeenth-century Spanish painting introduces this two-part collection of essays. Part One provides the most detailed study to date of the artistic-literary academy of Francisco Pacheco, and Part Two contains original studies of four major painters and their works: Las Meninas of Velázquez, Zurbarán's decoration of the sacristy at Guadalupe, and the work by Murillo and Valdés Leal for the Brotherhood of Charity, Seville. The essays are unified by the author's intention to show how the artists interacted with and responded to the prevailing social, theological, and historical currents of the time. While this contextual approach is not uncommon in the study of European art, it is newly applied here to restore some of the diversity and substance that Spanish Baroque painting originally possessed.

Art. --- Art and society. --- Art --- Art and sociology --- Society and art --- Sociology and art --- Art, Occidental --- Art, Primitive --- Art, Visual --- Art, Western (Western countries) --- Arts, Fine --- Arts, Visual --- Fine arts --- Iconography --- Occidental art --- Visual arts --- Western art (Western countries) --- Arts --- Aesthetics --- Social aspects --- Catholic Church --- Church of Rome --- Roman Catholic Church --- Katholische Kirche --- Katolyt︠s︡ʹka t︠s︡erkva --- Römisch-Katholische Kirche --- Römische Kirche --- Ecclesia Catholica --- Eglise catholique --- Eglise catholique-romaine --- Katolicheskai︠a︡ t︠s︡erkovʹ --- Chiesa cattolica --- Iglesia Católica --- Kościół Katolicki --- Katolicki Kościół --- Kościół Rzymskokatolicki --- Nihon Katorikku Kyōkai --- Katholikē Ekklēsia --- Gereja Katolik --- Kenesiyah ha-Ḳatolit --- Kanisa Katoliki --- כנסיה הקתולית --- כנסייה הקתולית --- 가톨릭교 --- 천주교 --- Abbasid Caliphate. --- Alonso Berruguete. --- Altarpiece. --- Angelo Nardi (painter). --- Antonio Mohedano. --- Antonio de Pereda. --- Apollo and Daphne (Bernini). --- Art history. --- Arte. --- Baroque painting. --- Bartolomé de las Casas. --- Benito Arias Montano. --- Caravaggio. --- Carthusians. --- Castile (historical region). --- Catholic Monarchs. --- Chapel of St. Jerome. --- Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor. --- Church Fathers. --- Cimabue. --- Classical mythology. --- Comedia (Spanish play). --- Council of Trent. --- Counter-Reformation. --- Court painter. --- Crown of Castile. --- Diego Velázquez. --- Discalced Carmelites. --- Don Juan Tenorio. --- El Greco. --- Erudition. --- Fernando de Herrera. --- Francisco Pacheco. --- Francisco de Borja. --- Francisco de Rioja. --- Friar. --- Garcilaso de la Vega (poet). --- Gaspar Melchor de Jovellanos. --- Genre painting. --- Georges de La Tour. --- Gian Lorenzo Bernini. --- Giovanni Baglione. --- Giovanni Battista Crescenzi. --- Gustave Courbet. --- Hieronymites. --- Iconography. --- Ignatius of Loyola. --- Illusionism (art). --- Impressionism. --- In Ictu Oculi. --- Jan van Eyck. --- Juan de Mal Lara. --- Juan de las Roelas. --- Jusepe de Ribera. --- Las Hilanderas (Velázquez). --- Las Meninas. --- Literature. --- Marsilio Ficino. --- Masaccio. --- Matthew 25. --- Military order (monastic society). --- Museo del Prado. --- Order of Santiago. --- Our Lady of Guadalupe. --- Painting. --- Parmigianino. --- Pietro da Cortona. --- Poetic diction. --- Poetry. --- Protestantism. --- Putto. --- Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando. --- Real Academia de la Historia. --- Religious art. --- Renaissance art. --- Sacristy. --- Saint Christopher. --- Santa Hermandad. --- Santa Trinita. --- Scholasticism. --- Seville Cathedral. --- Shakespeare's sonnets. --- Society of Jesus. --- Spain. --- Spanish Empire. --- Spanish Golden Age. --- Spanish art. --- Spanish nobility. --- Susanna (Book of Daniel). --- Teresa of Ávila. --- The Art of Painting. --- The Battle of Lepanto (Luna painting). --- The Dissertation. --- The Poetaster. --- The Return of the Prodigal Son (Rembrandt). --- Theory of painting. --- Tintoretto. --- Titian. --- University of Salamanca. --- Ut pictura poesis.