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'Economic Inequality and Poverty' examines how methods for measuring inequality and poverty have evolved. Kakwani and Son draw on household surveys to demonstate a framework based on economic variables that can be applied to draw up evidence-based policies.

Income distribution --- Poverty --- Income distribution. --- Poverty. --- Destitution --- Wealth --- Basic needs --- Begging --- Poor --- Subsistence economy --- Distribution of income --- Income inequality --- Inequality of income --- Distribution (Economic theory) --- Disposable income --- Quantitative methods (economics) --- Income

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Fighting the COVID-19 pandemic required vaccinations; however, ending it requires vaccination equality. The progress in vaccinations varies greatly across countries, with low- and middle-income countries having much lower vaccination rates than advanced countries. Initially, the limited vaccine supply was in part to blame for slow pace of vaccinations in low-income countries. But as the supply constraints eased toward the end of 2021, the focus has shifted to in-country distribution challenges and vaccine hesitancy. This paper quantifies the importance of various factors in driving vaccination rates across countries, including vaccine deliveries, demographic structure, health and transport infrastructure and development level. It then estimates the contribution of these factors to vaccination inequality. We show that much of the vaccination inequality in 2021-22 was driven by the lack of access to vaccines which is beyond countries’ control. And although vaccination inequality declined over time, access to vaccines remains the dominant driver of vaccination inequality.

Macroeconomics --- Economics: General --- Vaccinations --- Diseases: Contagious --- Demography --- Health: General --- Health: Government Policy --- Regulation --- Public Health --- Health Behavior --- Demographic Economics: General --- Aggregate Factor Income Distribution --- Economic & financial crises & disasters --- Economics of specific sectors --- Vaccination --- Infectious & contagious diseases --- Population & demography --- Health economics --- COVID-19 --- Health --- Population and demographics --- Income inequality --- National accounts --- Currency crises --- Informal sector --- Economics --- Communicable diseases --- Population --- Income distribution --- United States

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This book presents selected entropy-based applications in economics, finance and management research. The high-quality studies included in this book propose and discuss new tools and concepts derived from information theory to investigate various aspects of entropy with an assortment of applications. A wide variety of tools based on entropy confirms that entropy is potentially one of the most intricate scientific concepts. Such tools as Shannon entropy, transfer entropy, sample entropy, structural entropy, maximum entropy, fuzzy classification methods, chaos tools, etc., are utilized, and many topics in the fields of economics, finance and management are investigated. Among others, these topics comprise: market clustering, market microstructure, cryptocurrency market, market efficiency and regularity, risk spillovers, credit cycles, financial networks, income inequality, market relationships, causal inference in time series, group decision making, etc.

Information technology industries --- Computer science --- crowded trading --- tail-risk --- financial stability --- entropy --- market microstructure --- dimensions of market liquidity --- market depth --- high-frequency data --- intra-day seasonality --- bond market --- fixed income security --- risk spillovers --- structural entropy --- generalized variance decomposition --- complex network --- credit-to-GDP gap --- coherence --- similarity --- synchronicity --- Central and Eastern European countries --- cryptocurrencies --- mutual information --- transfer entropy --- dynamic time warping --- interval numbers --- MCGDM --- TOPSIS --- objective weights --- financial markets --- monetary policy --- networks --- fuzzy c-means classification method --- COVID-19 --- epidemic states --- Europe --- stock market --- market connectedness --- crisis --- nonlinear dynamics --- chaos --- butterfly effect --- energy futures --- Mean Logarithmic Deviation --- Shannon entropy --- income inequality --- household income --- decomposition of income inequality --- EU-SILC --- Rényi entropy --- Rényi transfer entropy --- Rössler system --- multivariate time series --- Sample Entropy (SampEn) --- stock market index --- regularity --- predictability --- Global Financial Crisis --- rolling-window --- n/a --- Rényi entropy --- Rényi transfer entropy --- Rössler system

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Claims around 'who deserves what and why' moralise inequality in the current global context of unprecedented wealth and its ever more selective distribution. Ethnographies of Deservingness explores this seeming paradox and the role of moralized assessments of distribution by reconnecting disparate discussions in the anthropology of migration, economic anthropology and political anthropology. This edited collection provides a novel and systematic conceptualization of Deservingness and shows how it can serve as a prime and integrative conceptual prism to ethnographically explore transforming welfare states, regimes of migration, as well as capitalist social reproduction and relations at large.

Economic assistance --- Equality --- Income distribution --- SOCIAL SCIENCE / Anthropology / Cultural & Social. --- Distribution of income --- Income inequality --- Inequality of income --- Distribution (Economic theory) --- Disposable income --- Egalitarianism --- Inequality --- Social equality --- Social inequality --- Political science --- Sociology --- Democracy --- Liberty --- Economic aid --- Foreign aid program --- Foreign assistance --- Grants-in-aid, International --- International economic assistance --- International grants-in-aid --- Economic policy --- International economic relations --- Conditionality (International relations) --- Moral and ethical aspects. --- E-books --- General ethics --- Social stratification --- Political and Economic Anthropology, Refugee and Migration Studies, Sociology.

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The paper extends the work of Deaton (2021) by exploring the period of post-crisis recovery in 2021-2024. The paper documents per-capita income divergence during the period of post-shock recovery, with countries at the bottom of the income distribution falling significantly behind. Findings suggest that higher COVID-19 vaccination rates and targeted virus containment measures are associated with faster recovery in per-capita incomes in the medium term. Evidence on the effectiveness of economic support policies for reducing cross-country income inequality, including fiscal and monetary policies, is mixed especially in the case of developing countries.

Macroeconomics --- Economics: General --- Diseases: Contagious --- Exports and Imports --- Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement --- Health: General --- Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development --- Measurement of Economic Growth --- Aggregate Productivity --- Cross-Country Output Convergence --- Health Behavior --- Aggregate Factor Income Distribution --- Trade: General --- Economic & financial crises & disasters --- Economics of specific sectors --- Infectious & contagious diseases --- International economics --- COVID-19 --- Health --- Income --- National accounts --- Income inequality --- Service exports --- International trade --- Currency crises --- Informal sector --- Economics --- Communicable diseases --- Income distribution --- Exports --- China, People's Republic of