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"In 1739 Bordeaux's Royal Academy of Sciences held an essay contest seeking answers to a pressing question: What was the cause of Africans' black skin? Published here for the first time and translated into English, these early documents of scientific racism lay bare the Enlightenment origins of the phantom of racial hierarchy. Also includes three essays from a 1772 contest seeking ideas to lessen diseases aboard slave ships"--

Black race --- Scientific racism --- Racism in anthropology --- Racism against Black people --- Black people --- Negro race --- Race --- Anthropology --- Race science --- Racial science --- Pseudoscience --- Racism --- Color --- History --- Public opinion --- Académie royale des sciences (France) --- French Royal Academy of Sciences --- Royal Academy of Sciences (France) --- Académie royale des sciences de l'Institut de France --- Institut de France. --- France. --- Koninglijke Academie der Weetenschappen (France) --- Königl. Akademie der Wissenschaften in Paris --- Abolition. --- Abolitionism. --- Caribbean Africans. --- Caribbean studies. --- Colonialism. --- Eighteenth century. --- Enlightenment. --- Enslaved Africans. --- Enslavement. --- History of Medicine. --- History of ideas. --- History of race. --- Kant. --- Middle Passage. --- Montesquieu. --- Plantation diseases. --- Postcolonial. --- Slave Trade.