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Energy harvesting is the conversion of unused or wasted energy in the ambient environment into useful electrical energy. It can be used to power small electronic systems such as wireless sensors and is beginning to enable the widespread and maintenance-free deployment of Internet of Things (IoT) technology. This Special Issue is a collection of the latest developments in both fundamental research and system-level integration. This Special Issue features two review papers, covering two of the hottest research topics in the area of energy harvesting: 3D-printed energy harvesting and triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs). These papers provide a comprehensive survey of their respective research area, highlight the advantages of the technologies and point out challenges in future development. They are must-read papers for those who are active in these areas. This Special Issue also includes ten research papers covering a wide range of energy-harvesting techniques, including electromagnetic and piezoelectric wideband vibration, wind, current-carrying conductors, thermoelectric and solar energy harvesting, etc. Not only are the foundations of these novel energy-harvesting techniques investigated, but the numerical models, power-conditioning circuitry and real-world applications of these novel energy harvesting techniques are also presented.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- piezoelectric harvester --- orthoplanar spring --- trapezoidal leg --- vibration energy --- acoustic resonance --- closed side branch --- DDES --- wind energy harvester --- Autonomous Internet of Things --- vibration energy harvesting --- electromagnetic–mechanical modeling --- autonomous sensors --- self-powered device --- battery-less modules --- energy harvesting --- Wiegand sensor --- self-oscillating boost converter --- power management --- connected vehicles --- smart cities --- electric vehicle --- IoT --- Tesla --- triboelectric nanogenerators --- ocean wave --- artificial intelligence --- structural health monitoring --- TEG --- thermoelectricity --- thermal energy harvesting --- tracker --- wildlife --- animal --- ultra low power --- 3D printed --- vibration harvester --- electromagnetic --- hybrid --- photovoltaics --- solar panel --- highway --- urban street --- experimental investigation --- water --- solar still --- absorber --- silicon --- temperature --- dual resonance frequencies --- vibration electromagnetic energy harvester --- wide harvested frequency range --- enhanced “band-pass” harvested power --- independent resonant frequencies --- autonomous wireless sensor --- passive energy management --- weak vibration --- electromagnetic converter --- wideband --- planar spring --- voltage multiplier --- rectifier --- predictive maintenance --- failure detection --- WSN --- n/a --- electromagnetic-mechanical modeling --- enhanced "band-pass" harvested power

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Energy harvesting is the conversion of unused or wasted energy in the ambient environment into useful electrical energy. It can be used to power small electronic systems such as wireless sensors and is beginning to enable the widespread and maintenance-free deployment of Internet of Things (IoT) technology. This Special Issue is a collection of the latest developments in both fundamental research and system-level integration. This Special Issue features two review papers, covering two of the hottest research topics in the area of energy harvesting: 3D-printed energy harvesting and triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs). These papers provide a comprehensive survey of their respective research area, highlight the advantages of the technologies and point out challenges in future development. They are must-read papers for those who are active in these areas. This Special Issue also includes ten research papers covering a wide range of energy-harvesting techniques, including electromagnetic and piezoelectric wideband vibration, wind, current-carrying conductors, thermoelectric and solar energy harvesting, etc. Not only are the foundations of these novel energy-harvesting techniques investigated, but the numerical models, power-conditioning circuitry and real-world applications of these novel energy harvesting techniques are also presented.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- piezoelectric harvester --- orthoplanar spring --- trapezoidal leg --- vibration energy --- acoustic resonance --- closed side branch --- DDES --- wind energy harvester --- Autonomous Internet of Things --- vibration energy harvesting --- electromagnetic-mechanical modeling --- autonomous sensors --- self-powered device --- battery-less modules --- energy harvesting --- Wiegand sensor --- self-oscillating boost converter --- power management --- connected vehicles --- smart cities --- electric vehicle --- IoT --- Tesla --- triboelectric nanogenerators --- ocean wave --- artificial intelligence --- structural health monitoring --- TEG --- thermoelectricity --- thermal energy harvesting --- tracker --- wildlife --- animal --- ultra low power --- 3D printed --- vibration harvester --- electromagnetic --- hybrid --- photovoltaics --- solar panel --- highway --- urban street --- experimental investigation --- water --- solar still --- absorber --- silicon --- temperature --- dual resonance frequencies --- vibration electromagnetic energy harvester --- wide harvested frequency range --- enhanced "band-pass" harvested power --- independent resonant frequencies --- autonomous wireless sensor --- passive energy management --- weak vibration --- electromagnetic converter --- wideband --- planar spring --- voltage multiplier --- rectifier --- predictive maintenance --- failure detection --- WSN

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Kinetic energy harvesters are a viable means of supplying low-power autonomous electronic systems for the remote sensing of operations. In this Special Issue, through twelve diverse contributions, some of the contemporary challenges, solutions and insights around the outlined issues are captured describing a variety of energy harvesting sources, as well as the need to create numerical and experimental evidence based around them. The breadth and interdisciplinarity of the sector are clearly observed, providing the basis for the development of new sensors, methods of measurement, and importantly, for their potential applications in a wide range of technical sectors.

energy harvester --- electromagnetic --- real vibration --- nonlinearities --- piezoelectric energy harvesting --- triboelectric energy harvesting --- low-frequency vibration energy harvesting --- direct-force generator --- vibration --- frequency-up conversion --- PVDF patches --- structural health monitoring --- sensing --- energy harvesting --- pipe leak detection --- computational fluid dynamics --- optimum sensor distribution --- electromagnetic energy harvester --- bi-stable oscillator --- load resistance optimization --- frequency response analysis --- harmonic balance method --- piezoelectric --- piezoelectric ceramic --- lead zirconate titanate (PZT) --- polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) --- efficiency --- efficiency measurement --- power conversion --- power flow --- vibrations --- analytical model --- beam model --- equivalent model --- power prediction --- Structural Health Monitoring --- damage detection --- macro fiber composites (MFC) --- damage sensitive feature --- finite element method (FEM) --- vibration energy-harvesting system --- hysteretic effect --- bistable oscillator --- bifurcation --- train --- electromagnetic transducer --- model --- test --- wireless sensor --- SMART materials --- magnetostriction --- Terfenol-D --- smart materials --- wireless sensors --- ultrasonic system --- n/a

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This book focused on researching food loss and waste in various agricultural supply chains, searching for reduction strategies and possible technological solutions without neglecting the relevance of the socioeconomic factors that influence the functioning of food value chains. The adoption of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (Goal 12—“Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns”) calls for renewed efforts to reduce food losses along production and supply chains. Achieving this goal will require greater efforts globally to implement food loss reduction policies and interventions. In addition, the sustainable management and use of byproducts from agriculture, including agricultural residues, has been analyzed. Special attention is given to pre- and post-harvesting losses of agricultural products, including the assessment of their environmental and economic sustainability.

Technology: general issues --- Environmental science, engineering & technology --- biomass --- bioenergy --- straw --- combine harvester --- chaff --- by-product --- bioeconomy --- life cycle assessment --- life cycle costing --- Ricinus communis, L. --- castor oil --- harvesting --- residue management --- biopreservatives --- shelf life --- essential oil --- organic foods --- consumers’ attitude --- willingness to pay --- work productivity --- harvesting costs --- harvesting efficiency --- wheat header --- seed loss --- header impact --- ecoefficiency --- life cycle assessment (LCA) --- life cycle costing (LCC) --- run-off --- pond --- flexible water storage system --- Cynara roots --- biorefinery --- marginal lands --- multipurpose crop --- fermentable sugars --- agricultural residues exploitation --- postharvest losses --- food waste --- physicochemical properties --- table grape --- shelf-life --- decay --- stem browning --- SO2 damage --- socioeconomic impacts --- pomegranate --- losses --- nutrition --- environmental --- resources --- packhouse --- postharvest --- impacts --- Technology. --- Engineering. --- Environmental science. --- Environmental sciences.

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The recent development of various application systems and platforms, such as 5G, B5G, 6G, and IoT, is based on the advancement of CMOS integrated circuit (IC) technology that enables them to implement high-performance chipsets. In addition to development in the traditional fields of analog and digital integrated circuits, the development of CMOS IC design and application in high-power and high-frequency operations, which was previously thought to be possible only with compound semiconductor technology, is a core technology that drives rapid industrial development. This book aims to highlight advances in all aspects of CMOS integrated circuit design and applications without discriminating between different operating frequencies, output powers, and the analog/digital domains. Specific topics in the book include: Next-generation CMOS circuit design and application; CMOS RF/microwave/millimeter-wave/terahertz-wave integrated circuits and systems; CMOS integrated circuits specially used for wireless or wired systems and applications such as converters, sensors, interfaces, frequency synthesizers/generators/rectifiers, and so on; Algorithm and signal-processing methods to improve the performance of CMOS circuits and systems.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- spin memristor --- mask operation --- memristor switch --- memristor crossbar --- image processing --- CMOS --- voltage-controlled oscillator --- switched-biasing --- flicker noise --- phase noise --- current source --- figure-of-merit --- pixel-level ADC --- current-input ADC --- readout circuit --- microbolometer --- high SNR --- wide dynamic range --- current-reuse --- injection-locked frequency divider --- radar sensor --- wideband --- RF receiver --- blocker --- second-order intermodulation (IM2) --- orthogonal frequency division modulation (OFDM) --- MedRadio --- medical implanted communication service (MICS) --- biomedical device --- biosensors --- LC-VCO --- current-shaping --- 90 nm --- current tail --- varactor --- LC tank --- on-wafer --- vibration energy harvester --- power management circuit --- CMOS rectifier --- dynamic threshold cancellation technique --- high power conversion efficiency --- CMOS circuit --- analog system --- signal processing --- learning algorithm --- artificial neural network --- freeware --- open science --- analog microelectronics design --- long channel transistors --- short channel transistors --- integrated circuit design --- CMOS design --- VLSI --- higher education --- educational innovation --- integrated circuit layout --- complex thinking --- CMOS detector --- concurrent-mode --- differential detector IC --- imaging SNR --- integrated folded-dipole antenna --- sub-terahertz imaging --- voltage responsivity