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"The American founders did not create their experiment in religious freedom out of nothing. The principles of religious freedom outlined in the First Amendment were a part and product of nearly two centuries of colonial experience, and nearly two millennia of European history and thought. A host of historical examples of religious freedom were readily at hand as the United States Constitution and Bill of Rights were being drafted. Foremost among the sources was the Christian Bible, which was by far the most widely used and commonly cited text in the American founding era. American politicians, preachers, and pamphleteers alike quoted the Bible's many bracing aphorisms on freedom: "For freedom, Christ has set us free." "You were called to freedom." "Where the Spirit of the Lord is, there is freedom." "You will know the truth, and the truth will make you free." "You will be free indeed." You have been given "the glorious liberty of the children of God." Equally important were the Bible's calls to believers to "render to Caesar the things that are Caesar's and to God the things that are God's," and to remain "separate" from worldly temptations. Christians are, at heart, "strangers and foreigners on the earth"; their true "citizenship is in heaven." St. Paul even used the phrase "wall of separation" (paries maceriae), albeit very differently from the way it came to be used in law and politics. Such biblical passages inspired hundreds of impassioned sermons in defense of religious liberty. Indeed, political sermons, issued both in churches and in statehouses, constituted around 80 percent of all the American political literature published in the 1770s and 1780s. Beyond the Bible, the American founders also turned for inspiration to the martyred prophets of religious liberty in the West: the early English heroes of the faith-Thomas Becket, John Wycliff, and Thomas More-and the sundry English Levellers, Quaker dissenters, and Catholic missionaries who followed them. They turned for instruction to a host of European theologians and philosophers, from the sixteenth-century Protestant reformers Martin Luther and John Calvin, to early modern Catholic champions of rights Francisco de Vitoria and Bartholomew las Casas, to later European voices of liberty, such as Baron Montesquieu and François Voltaire of France; David Hume and Adam Smith of Scotland; and John Locke and William Blackstone of England. They also turned to many classical legal texts on religious freedoms and rights such as the Edict of Milan (313), the Magna Carta (1215), the Peace of Augsburg (1555), the Peace of Westphalia (1648), and other such documents of the civil law, common law, and canon law traditions. Historical counterexamples also came quickly to mind, however, particularly to those founders who denounced traditional state establishments of religion and defended religious freedom for all peaceable believers. In defending the novelty of the American experiment, the founders often depicted the Western inheritance as a veritable "career of intolerance," in Virginia statesman James Madison's words. "In most of the Gov[ernment]s of the old world," Madison declared, "the legal establishment of a particular religion and without or with very little toleration of others makes a part of the Political and Civil organization. . . . [I]t was taken for granted, that an exclusive & intolerant establishment was essential, and notwithstanding the light thrown on the subject by that experiment, the prevailing opinion in Europe, England not excepted, has been that Religion could not be preserved without the support of Gov[ernmen]t, nor Gov[ernmen]t without the support of Religion.""--

Freedom of religion --- Church and state --- History

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In this landmark volume, a rich array of voices make the case that religion is not partitioned off from the secular in the Global South the way it is in the Global North. Authors work at the intersections of freedom and Nationalism, peace and reconciliation, and gender, ecology, and ethnography to contend that religion is in fact deeply integrated into the lives of those in the Global South, even though "secularism"--a political philosophy that requires the state to treat all religions equally--predominates in many of the regions.World Christianity and Interfaith Relations is part of the multi volume series World Christianity and Public Religion. The series seeks to become a platform for intercultural and intergenerational dialogue, and to facilitate opportunities for interaction between scholars across the Global South and those in other parts of the world by engaging emerging voices from a variety of indigenous Christianities around the world. The focus is not only on particular histories and practices, but also on their theological articulations and impact on the broader societies in which they work.

Christianity and other religions --- Freedom of religion --- Offenses against religion --- Fanaticism --- Interfaith worship --- Religious aspects

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Paolo Sarpi a été le grand adversaire de la papauté de la Contre-Réforme et le fondateur de la laïcité vénitienne. Son homosexualité permet de comprendre pour la première fois certains aspects de sa pensée restés dans l'ombre et la signification de son combat pour l'autonomie de l'individu.

Homosexualité --- Histoire. --- Sarpi, Paolo --- Sarpi, Paolo, --- Counter-Reformation --- Homosexuality and literature --- Freedom of religion --- History --- Venice (Italy) --- Politics and government

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"Projecting a global interdisciplinary vision, this insightful book develops a peer-to-peer learning methodology to facilitate reconciling religion and human rights, both in multilateral contexts and at the national level. Written by leading human rights practitioners, the book illuminates the tension zones between religion and rights, exploring how the 'faith' elements in both disciplines can create synergies for protecting equal human dignity. Ibrahim Salama and Michael Wiener analyse the place of religion in multilateral practice, including lessons learned from the 'Faith for Rights' framework. Based on the jurisprudence of international human rights mechanisms, the book clarifies ambiguities of human rights law on religion. It also unpacks the potential positive role of non-State actors in the religious sphere, demonstrating that the relationship between religion and human rights is not a zero-sum game. Ultimately, the book empowers actors on both sides of the ideological fence between religion and human rights to deconstruct this artificial, politically instrumentalized dichotomy. This innovative book will be a vital resource for faith-based actors, human rights defenders and policymakers working at the intersection between religion, culture and human rights. With the co-authors' commentary on the #Faith4Rights toolkit, it will also be invaluable for peer-to-peer learning facilitators, scholars and students of human rights law, public international law and religious studies"--

Civil rights --- Droits de l'homme --- Religious aspects. --- Aspect religieux. --- Freedom of religion (International law) --- Liberté religieuse (droit international) --- Liberté religieuse (droit international)

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Nombreux sont les ouvrages consacrés à la laïcité et plus généralement à la place des religions dans un État démocratique, mais leur vision est trop souvent parcellaire ou orientée. À la lueur du droit international privé, du droit européen et du droit comparé cet ouvrage tente de démontrer l'originalité des réponses juridiques françaises confrontées aux problématiques actuelles. Avec un regard critique les différentes études, à la fois théoriques et pratiques, s'interrogent sur les nouvelles interprétations des concepts tels que la laïcité, la neutralité du service public, le vivre ensemble... et sur l'opportunité de certaines solutions. Elles dénoncent également les dérives de la radicalisation normative et jurisprudentielle perceptible dans toutes les branches du droit et proposent des accommodements raisonnables pour y remédier.

Laïcité. --- Religion et droit --- Religion et État --- Religion et droit. --- Religion et État. --- Laïcité --- Bioéthique --- Signes et symboles. --- Liberté religieuse. --- Droit et morale. --- Famille --- Droit. --- Aspect religieux --- France. --- Laicism --- Religion and state --- Religion and law --- Comparative aw --- Droit comparé --- Freedom of religion --- Liberté religieuse