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This study provides the first global evaluation of both direct and indirect flood hazard impacts on road transportation networks. It constructs topological road networks for 2,564 human settlements, representing over 14 million kilometers of urban roads. It assesses their exposure to pluvial and fluvial flood risks under 10 scenarios, corresponding to different flood intensities (1:5 year to 1:1,000 year return periods). Under each scenario, the study analyzes direct infrastructure exposure and assesses the indirect effects of flood-induced mobility disruptions: route failures, travel delays, and travel distance increases. The results document a positive relationship between flood return period and flood impact (both direct and indirect). Compared with direct flood hazard exposure, the indirect impact of floods on mobility is more prominent and heterogeneous. The average share of the road network that is flooded by at least 0.3 meters is 3.64 percent (or 24.84 percent) under the 5-year (or 1,000-year) return period, yet 11.58 percent (or 65.67 percent) of the simulated trips fail in the same scenario. The results enable comparisons of exposure and vulnerability of road networks to flood hazards across countries, allowing the identification and prioritization of urban transport resilience measures.
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Buildings --- Fire prevention. --- Protection. --- Fire safety --- Fires --- Prevention of fires --- Fire protection engineering --- Public safety --- Insurance engineering --- Building damage prevention --- Building protection --- Protection of buildings --- Building failures --- Fires and fire prevention --- Prevention --- Damage prevention
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Buildings --- Fire prevention. --- Protection. --- Fire safety --- Fires --- Prevention of fires --- Fire protection engineering --- Public safety --- Insurance engineering --- Building damage prevention --- Building protection --- Protection of buildings --- Building failures --- Fires and fire prevention --- Prevention --- Damage prevention
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Flood damage prevention. --- Flood hazard mitigation --- Flood proofing --- Flood protection --- Floodproofing --- City planning --- Flood control --- Floods --- Hazard mitigation
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Flood damage prevention. --- Flood hazard mitigation --- Flood proofing --- Flood protection --- Floodproofing --- City planning --- Flood control --- Floods --- Hazard mitigation
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Flood damage prevention. --- Flood forecasting. --- Floods --- Hydrological forecasting --- Flood hazard mitigation --- Flood proofing --- Flood protection --- Floodproofing --- City planning --- Flood control --- Hazard mitigation --- Forecasting
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Flood damage prevention. --- Flood forecasting. --- Floods --- Hydrological forecasting --- Flood hazard mitigation --- Flood proofing --- Flood protection --- Floodproofing --- City planning --- Flood control --- Hazard mitigation --- Forecasting
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Natural disasters --- Natural disasters. --- Social aspects. --- Disaster insurance --- Flood damage prevention. --- Flood insurance --- Hazard mitigation. --- Risk (Insurance) --- Economic aspects. --- Risk management.
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This book provides an overview of the initiation of combustion processes of polymeric materials. It presents physicochemical processes associated with heating as well as numerical methods for initiation parameter calculation. In addition, the book describes thermal degradation of polymers and the effect of an incident heat flux on initiation time. It then highlights the most commonly used devices for measuring the time to ignition using external heat sources. The target group of this book are scientists and researchers dealing with materials combustion and also graduates and practitioners focused on fire protection.
Polymers --- Fire testing. --- Fires and fire prevention. --- Polymere --- Polymeride --- Polymers and polymerization --- Macromolecules --- Fire prevention. --- Buildings --- Polymers. --- Materials science. --- Fire Science, Hazard Control, Building Safety. --- Materials Science. --- Protection. --- Fire safety --- Fires --- Prevention of fires --- Fire protection engineering --- Public safety --- Insurance engineering --- Material science --- Physical sciences --- Building damage prevention --- Building protection --- Protection of buildings --- Building failures --- Fires and fire prevention --- Prevention --- Damage prevention
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This book comprises the proceedings of the 3rd Structural Integrity Conference and Exhibition (SICE 2020). The contents of the volume focus on structural integrity, life prediction, and condition monitoring which are reclassified under the domains of aerospace, fracture mechanics, fatigue, creep-fatigue interactions, civil structures, experimental techniques, computation mechanics, structural health monitoring, nondestructive testing, failure analysis, materials processing, stress corrosion cracking, reliability and risk analysis. This book will be a useful reference for students, researchers and practitioners.
Structural analysis (Engineering) --- Data processing. --- Statics. --- Aerospace engineering. --- Astronautics. --- Building materials. --- Fire prevention. --- Buildings --- Mechanical Statics and Structures. --- Aerospace Technology and Astronautics. --- Structural Materials. --- Fire Science, Hazard Control, Building Safety. --- Protection. --- Architectural materials --- Architecture --- Building --- Building supplies --- Construction materials --- Structural materials --- Materials --- Space sciences --- Aeronautics --- Astrodynamics --- Space flight --- Space vehicles --- Aeronautical engineering --- Astronautics --- Engineering --- Mathematics --- Mechanics --- Mechanics, Analytic --- Physics --- Dynamics --- Equilibrium --- Building damage prevention --- Building protection --- Protection of buildings --- Building failures --- Fire safety --- Fires --- Prevention of fires --- Fire protection engineering --- Public safety --- Insurance engineering --- Damage prevention --- Fires and fire prevention --- Prevention
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