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Dans l’est du Congo, le décor paradisiaque ne saurait cacher une effrayante réalité. La guerre tourne en boucle et même quand les conflits « cessent », les armes continuent de terroriser. Déjà trente années de crimes et de douleur, dans une relative indifférence. « Les victimes méritent justice », s’était risqué à affirmer le gouvernement Kabila en 2010. Or, le temps passe et quasi personne n’a été jugé. Comment expliquer une telle aberration ? Tant d’impunité ? C’est la question qui sert de fil rouge au présent recueil. Après nous avoir fait revivre ces années noires et rappelé les séquences du désastre, l’ouvrage passe au crible deux missions d’enquête des Nations unies. Celle de Kofi Annan est décrite de l’intérieur puisque Reed Brody en était directeur adjoint – témoin hors pair, il dénonce notamment l’hypocrisie de l’administration Clinton, qui ne pensait que business… L’autre enquête examinée a engendré le très médiatisé rapport Mapping. Faut-il y voir une arme contre l’impunité ? Ou manque-t-il de consistance pour être utilisé sur le plan judiciaire ? Que penser de son instrumentalisation ? Une Commission vérité et réconciliation au Congo, pourrait- elle contribuer à l’apaisement des esprits ? Des expériences similaires ailleurs en Afrique, analysées ici, indiquent la réponse. Enfin, dans cette région riche en ressources naturelles où la souffrance des victimes ne pèse pas lourd, l’ouvrage se devait de questionner le système judiciaire : sa crédibilité, ses moyens, les « juges kaki »… Hélas, il n’existe pas de formule magique pour sortir de la crise ! Il appartient aux Congolais de chercher des solutions : en reconstruisant depuis la base, en encourageant les initiatives, même modestes, de la société civile, en s’adaptant aux réalités du pays. Dessiner des perspectives pour redonner espoir.

BPB9999 --- BPB2207 --- Congo, Republica Democratică --- guerre --- cogadh --- háború --- karas --- rat --- karš --- luftë --- válka --- Krieg --- wojna --- војна --- war --- sota --- krig --- рат --- πόλεμος --- vojna --- война --- război --- guerra --- sõda --- oorlog --- gwerra --- ozbrojený konflikt --- relvastatud konflikt --- fegyveres konfliktus --- väpnad konflikt --- aseellinen selkkaus --- conflitto --- oružani sukob --- válečný konflikt --- conflitto armato --- invasione armata --- bewaffneter Konflikt --- konflikt i armatosur --- εμπόλεμη κατάσταση --- armed conflict --- conflit armé --- ginkluotas konfliktas --- σύρραξη --- apertura delle ostilità --- gewapend conflict --- væbnet konflikt --- bewaffnete Auseinandersetzung --- conflict armat --- relvakonflikt --- dichiarazione di guerra --- conflito armado --- conflicto armado --- ozbrojený útočný čin --- ένοπλη σύγκρουση --- вооружен судир --- Kongon demokraattinen tasavalta --- Demokratická republika Kongo --- Democratische Republiek Congo --- Демократска Република Конго --- Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik --- Demokratyczna Republika Konga --- Demokratična republika Kongo --- die Demokratische Republik Kongo --- Konžská demokratická republika --- Repubblica democratica del Congo --- Демократична република Конго --- Repubblika Demokratika tal-Kongo --- Poblacht Dhaonlathach an Chongó --- Kongói Demokratikus Köztársaság --- Congo-Kinshasa --- República Democrática del Congo --- Demokratska Republika Kongo --- Den Demokratiske Republik Congo --- Democratic Republic of the Congo --- Republika Demokratike e Kongos --- Kongo Demokratinė Respublika --- République démocratique du Congo --- Kongo Demokrātiskā Republika --- Demokratiska republiken Kongo --- Λαϊκή Δημοκρατία του Κονγκό --- Kongo Kinšasa --- Kongo DV --- Kongo (Leopoldville) --- Kongo (býv. Zair) --- Конго Слободна Држава --- Конго Киншаса --- Kinshasa Kongo --- Zair --- Zairas --- Ζαΐρ --- República Democrática do Congo --- Заир --- Κογκό Κινσάσα --- Beļģijas Kongo --- Kinshasa --- Congo Kinshasa --- Конго-Киншаса --- Zaire --- Zaïre --- Republica Congoleză --- Kongo (Kinshasa) --- ex Zaire --- Република Конго (Леополдвил) --- Белгиско Конго --- Zaira --- Kongo-Kinshasa --- Congo belgian --- Kongo Kinshasa --- Kinshasan Kongo --- Kinshasské Kongo --- Zairská republika --- Polemology --- Kivu --- Congo, Republica Democratică

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In the twenty-first century, the relationship between violent conflict and natural resources has become a matter of intense public and academic debate. As a result of fervent activism and international campaigning, the flagship case of ‘conflict minerals’ has captured global attention. This term groups together the artisanal tin, tantalum (coltan), tungsten and gold originating from war zones in Central Africa. Known as ‘digital minerals’ for their use in high-end technology, their exploitation and trade has been singled out in numerous media and United Nations reports as a key driver of violence, provoking an unprecedented popular outcry and prompting transnational efforts to promote ‘conflict-free’, ethical mining. Focusing on the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Conflict Minerals, Inc. is the first comprehensive analysis of this phenomenon. Based on meticulous investigation and long-term fieldwork, this book analyses why the campaign against ‘unethical’ mining went awry, and radically disrupted eastern Congo’s political economy. It dissects the evolution of the conflict minerals paradigm, the policy responses it triggered and their impact on artisanal miners. Vogel demonstrates how Western advocacy and policy have relied on colonial frames to drive change, and how White Saviourism perpetuates structural violence and inequality across global supply and value chains.

Mines and mineral resources --- Violence --- Mines (sites d'extraction) --- Ressources minérales. --- Politique et gouvernement --- Economic aspects --- Moral and ethical aspects --- Aspect économique --- Aspect moral --- Congo (Democratic Republic) --- Congo (République démocratique) --- Politics and government --- BPB2208 --- mining extraction --- mineral resources --- Democratic Republic of the Congo --- mineraalivarat --- resurse minerale --- mineralinių žaliavų ištekliai --- rudno bogatstvo --- minerale reserves --- ορυκτός πλούτος --- nerostné zdroje --- zasoby mineralne --- mineraltillgångar --- minerālu resursi --- Bodenschätze --- ásványi nyersanyagok --- mineralne surovine --- mineralressourcer --- nerastné zdroje --- acmhainn mhianrach --- burime minerare --- maavarad --- riżorsi minerali --- рудни богатства --- risorse minerali --- минерални ресурси --- рудна богатства --- ressource minérale --- recurso mineral --- ressource minière --- minerální zdroje --- mineralni izvori --- минерални суровини --- mineralni resursi --- kalnrūpniecības resursi --- рудни ресурси --- recursos minerais --- surovinové zdroje --- disponibilní zdroje --- rersurse miniere --- recurso minero --- minerale bodemrijkdom --- ťažobné zdroje --- kasybos ištekliai --- risorse minerarie --- μεταλλευτικοί πόροι --- mining resources --- kaivosvarannot --- mineralna sirovina --- mineralische Bodenschätze --- burime minerale --- mineralresurser --- ložiska nerud --- Kongon demokraattinen tasavalta --- Demokratická republika Kongo --- Democratische Republiek Congo --- Демократска Република Конго --- Kongo Demokraatlik Vabariik --- Demokratyczna Republika Konga --- Demokratična republika Kongo --- die Demokratische Republik Kongo --- Konžská demokratická republika --- Repubblica democratica del Congo --- Демократична република Конго --- Repubblika Demokratika tal-Kongo --- Poblacht Dhaonlathach an Chongó --- Kongói Demokratikus Köztársaság --- Congo, Republica Democratică --- Congo-Kinshasa --- República Democrática del Congo --- Demokratska Republika Kongo --- Den Demokratiske Republik Congo --- Republika Demokratike e Kongos --- Kongo Demokratinė Respublika --- République démocratique du Congo --- Kongo Demokrātiskā Republika --- Demokratiska republiken Kongo --- Λαϊκή Δημοκρατία του Κονγκό --- Kongo Kinšasa --- Kongo DV --- Kongo (Leopoldville) --- Kongo (býv. Zair) --- Конго Слободна Држава --- Конго Киншаса --- Kinshasa Kongo --- Zair --- Zairas --- Ζαΐρ --- República Democrática do Congo --- Заир --- Κογκό Κινσάσα --- Beļģijas Kongo --- Kinshasa --- Congo Kinshasa --- Конго-Киншаса --- Zaire --- Zaïre --- Republica Congoleză --- Kongo (Kinshasa) --- ex Zaire --- Република Конго (Леополдвил) --- Белгиско Конго --- Zaira --- Kongo-Kinshasa --- Congo belgian --- Kongo Kinshasa --- Kinshasan Kongo --- Kinshasské Kongo --- Zairská republika --- důlní dobývání --- nxjerrje mineralesh --- iežguve --- ископавање руде --- iškasenų gavyba --- ископување минерални суровини --- winning van delfstoffen --- extraction minière --- eksploatacja górnicza --- izkopavanje rude --- извличане на руда --- estrazione mineraria --- extracción minera --- kaevandamine --- bergbauliche Förderung --- bányakitermelés --- estrazzjoni tal-minjieri --- vađenje mineralnih sirovina --- ťažobné dobývanie --- udvinding af mineprodukter --- εξόρυξη --- eastóscadh mianadóireachta --- extração mineira --- minerit --- utvinning av malm --- louhinta --- ekstrakcija mineralnih sirovina --- tecnica estrattiva --- malmbrytningsteknik --- kitermelő ipar --- техники на вадење руда --- brydnings- og udvindingsteknik --- μεταλλευτικός τομέας --- industrie extractive --- banský priemysel --- técnica de extracción minera --- industri e nxjerrjeve të mineraleve --- frantumazione --- naudingųjų iškasenų gavybos būdas --- knusning --- dobývání nerostných surovin --- индустрија за вадење минерали --- bergbauliche Fördertechnik --- pridobivanje mineralnih sirovina --- ископување руда --- técnica de extração mineira --- nyersanyag-kitermelő technika --- technique d'extraction minière --- mining extraction technique --- nyersanyag-kitermelő ipar --- extracção mineira --- industria extractiva --- technika dobývání --- maavarade kaevandamine --- kalnrūpniecības šahtu iekārtas --- technologie dobývání --- indústria extrativa --- mijnbouw --- louhintateollisuus --- tehnici de extracție a minereurilor --- mineral extraction industry --- louhintatekniikka --- μέθοδοι εξόρυξης --- εξορυκτικός τομέας --- mineralinių žaliavų pramonė --- teknikë e nxjerrjeve të mineraleve --- kaevandamistehnika --- ťažobná technika --- industria de extracție a minereurilor --- Economic sociology --- Polemology --- Kivu --- Mine et minerais --- Aspects économiques --- Aspects moraux et éthiques --- natuurlijke grondstoffen --- Ressources minérales. --- Aspect économique --- Congo (République démocratique)